鱼蛋白水溶氨基酸肥的制备及其对植物生长发育的影响  

Preparation of Fish Protein Water-soluble Animo Acid Fertilizer and Its Uitilization Effect on Crop Growth and Development

作　　者：林湘雪 何咏梅 辛恺达 张婷[1] 李欣[1] 田宝玉[1] LIN Xiang-xue;HE Yong-mei;XIN Kai-da;ZHANG Ting;LI Xin;TIAN Bao-yu(Fujian University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation,College of Life Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]细胞逆境响应与代谢调控福建省高校重点实验室,福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2024年第10期21-28,共8页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省林业科技研究项目(2021FKJ31);国家自然科学基金项目(31670125)。

摘　　要：水溶性氨基酸肥料是一种新型的植物功能性有机肥料。为探究水溶氨基酸肥对植物生长的影响,本文以鱼产品下脚料为原料,通过合理优化料水比、蛋白酶种类和酶量以及水解条件制备水溶性氨基酸肥料。进而通过水培试验以不同稀释倍数的鱼蛋白水溶肥对小麦百农矮抗58进行施肥,确定最适稀释倍数,并分别采取喷施与浇施两种方法对番茄新中蔬四号进行施肥,研究水溶性氨基酸肥不同施肥处理对农作物生长发育的影响。结果表明:以1∶3料液比、添加0.1%碱性蛋白酶、50℃酶解4 h条件下,利用鱼蛋白下脚料可以制备可溶氨基酸总量为16.925 mg·g^(-1),且植物易利用氨基酸比例高(约50%)的鱼蛋白水溶肥。水培试验表明鱼蛋白氨基酸水溶肥的最适施用浓度为稀释100倍(DB100)。DB100显著提高了小麦种子萌发率和种子活力指数,促进了小麦幼苗的根长和根冠比(P<0.05)。以DB100作为稀释标准,盆栽番茄喷施氨基酸肥显著提高了番茄幼苗的株高(22.9%)、叶面积(38%)和叶片叶绿素含量(33.3%)(P<0.05),且降低了番茄叶片丙二醛含量(26.7%,P<0.05)。而水溶肥浇施与对照CK相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。盆栽试验说明叶面喷施水溶肥能够直接为植物提供营养物质,植物易吸收和利用,从而促进番茄的生长发育,增强植物叶光合作用效率,提高植物抗氧化能力。综上所述,合理使用水溶氨基酸肥可以显著促进植物种子萌发和幼苗生长,而叶面喷施水溶氨基酸肥显著促进了植物叶片的光合效率和植株的生长。The water-soluble amino acid fertilizers are a novel type of functional organic fertilizers for plants.In order to explore the influence of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers on plant growth,in this paper,the fish product waste was utilized as the raw material,and the water-soluble amino acid fertilizers were prepared by reasonably optimizing the ratio of feed to water,the types and amounts of proteases,and the hydrolysis conditions.Subsequently,through hydroponic experiments,the fish protein water-soluble fertilizers with different dilution multiples were applied to the wheat Bainong Aikang 58 to determine the optimal dilution multiple.Moreover,the two fertilization methods of spraying and pouring were respectively used to fertilize the tomato Xinzhongshu No.4,thus to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers on the growth and development of crops.The results indicated that under the condition of 1∶3 liquid-solid ratio,with the addition of 0.1%alkaline protease and enzymatic hydrolysis at 50℃for 4 hours,the fish protein waste could be used to prepared the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer with a total soluble amino acid content of 16.925 mg·g^(-1) and a high proportion of amino acids(about 50%)that could be easily used by plants.The hydroponic experiments indicated that the optimal application concentration of the fish protein amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was diluted 100 times(DB100).DB100 significantly enhanced the germination rate and vitality index of wheat seeds,and promoted the root length and root-shoot ratio of wheat seedlings(P<0.05).With DB100 as the dilution standard,the foliar spraying of amino acid fertilizer on the potted tomato seedlings significantly increased the plant height(22.9%),leaf area(38%),and leaf chlorophyll content(33.3%)of tomato seedlings(P<0.05),and decreased the malondialdehyde content in tomato leaves by 26.7%(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the application of water-soluble fe

关 键 词：鱼产品加工下脚料 水溶氨基酸肥制备 稀释倍数 施肥方式 促进植物生长 

分 类 号：S145.2[农业科学—肥料学]