云冈石窟第3窟出土动物骨骼初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Remains of Animal Bones Unearthed from Cave.3 of Yungang Grottoes

作　　者：贺涛 赵静芳 刘建军 He Tao;Zhao Jingfang;Liu Jianjun

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学考古研究院 [2]云冈研究院

出　　处：《文物季刊》2024年第4期157-170,共14页Journal of Chinese Antiquity

摘　　要：云冈石窟是中国最大的石窟群之一。在第3窟考古发掘中,出土北魏、隋唐、辽金时期动物骨骼共56件,主要为北魏和辽金时期遗存。经鉴定,动物种属包括猪、马、牛、羊、狗,皆为哺乳纲,动物资源构成较单一。骨骼表面痕迹显示,先民对动物有明确的利用。发现部位统计表明,出现较多是下颌、牙齿等肉量较少的部分。动物死亡年龄分析,猪、羊以食肉目的而宰杀,马、牛、狗应是役使后的二次食用。结合这些动物骨骼空间分布,推测可能是北魏至辽金时期开凿修建石窟的匠人食用后所抛弃。第3窟的动物考古研究为了解石窟遗址先民对动物资源的利用提供新的认识。Yungang Grottoes are one of the largest grottoes in China.In the archaeological excavation of Cave 3,a total of 56 animal skeletons from the Northern Wei,Sui Tang,and Liao Jin periods were unearthed,mainly from the Northern Wei and Liao Jin periods.After identification,the animal species include pigs,horses,cows,sheep,and dogs,all belonging to the mammalian class,and the composition of animal resources is relatively single.The surface traces of the bones indicate that the ancestors had a clear use of animals.Statistics on the discovery of parts indicate that the majority of occurrences are in the lower jaw,teeth,and other parts with less flesh.Analysis of animal death age shows that pigs and sheep are slaughtered for carnivorous purposes,while horses,cows,and dogs should be consumed for the second time after servitude.Based on spatial distribution,it is speculated that these bones may have been abandoned by artisans who excavated and built grottoes during the Northern Wei to Liao and Jin dynasties after consumption.The research on animal archaeology in Cave 3 provides new insights into the utilization of animal resources by the ancestors of the cave site.

关 键 词：云冈石窟 动物考古 动物资源利用 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] K879.22[生物学—古生物学]