拉日马牦牛产肉性能及主成分分析  

Meat Production Performance and Principal Component Analysis of Larima Yak(Bos grunniens)

作　　者：杨博璇 罗晓林[1] 安添午[1] 张翔飞 官久强[1] 尚恺圆 任子利 赵彦玲 赵洪文[1] YANG Boxuan;LUO Xiaolin;AN Tianwu;ZHANG Xiangfei;GUAN Jiuqiang;SHANG Kaiyuan;REN Zili;ZHAO Yanling;ZHAO Hongwen(Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,Chengdu 611731,China;College of Animal Science,Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省草原科学研究院,四川成都611731 [2]西藏农牧学院动物科学学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《肉类研究》2024年第12期20-25,共6页Meat Research

基　　金：四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2022YFN0037);青海省重大科技专项(2021-NK-A5);“十四五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFD1601603);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究与拉日马牦牛(Bos grunniens)产肉性能相关的性状。选取6头健康成年拉日马牦牛,公母各半,测定其体尺、体质量指标,并开展屠宰实验。结果表明:除了胴体产肉率和肉骨比,拉日马公牦牛各项指标均显著高于母牦牛(P<0.05),其中拉日马母牦牛的大腿肌肉厚、头质量、脾质量、肺质量、胃总质量的变异系数较大;相关性分析结果显示,体高与胸围、胴体长、胴体深、胴体胸深、胴体后腿围、头质量、肝质量、脾质量、肾脏质量、净肉质量、胴体质量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与心质量、胃总质量、宰前质量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);胴体长和胴体深与胴体胸深、胴体后腿围、头质量、尾质量、胃总质量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与心质量、宰前质量、净肉质量、胴体质量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);胃总质量、宰前质量、净肉质量与骨质量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与胴体质量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);净肉率与屠宰率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);胴体产肉率与肉骨比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。拉日马公牦牛整体指标优于母牦牛,拉日马牦牛体尺指标与屠宰指标之间有不同程度的相关性。主成分分析筛选出3个主成分,累计贡献率达97.553%,在拉日马牦牛选育中其屠宰性能、产肉性能和体尺发育是3个重要因子。In order to study the traits related to meat production performance of Larima yaks(Bos grunniens).Six healthy adult yaks,half of male and half of female,were selected to determine the carcass size and body mass indexes,and data mining analyses were carried out after conducting slaughtering tests.The results showed that except for carcass meat yield and meat to bone ratio,all the indexes of Larima male yaks were extremely significantly higher than those of female yaks(P<0.01),among which the coefficients of variation of the indexes of thigh muscle thickness,head weight,spleen weight,lung weight,wrinkled stomach weight,and flap stomach weight of the Larima females were larger;correlation analyses showed that body height was significantly and positively correlated(P<0.05)with chest circumference,carcass length,carcass depth,carcass breast depth,carcass hind leg circumference,head weight,liver weight,spleen weight,kidney weight,net meat weight,carcass weight,and was highly significantly and positively correlated(P<0.01)with heart weight,total stomach weight,and pre-slaughter weight;carcass length and carcass depth were significantly and positively correlated(P<0.05)with carcass breast depth,carcass hind leg circumference,head weight,tail weight,and total stomach weight,and were significantly positively correlated(P<0.01)with heart weight,ante-mortem weight,net meat weight,and bone weight;total stomach weight,ante-mortem weight,and net meat weight were significantly positively correlated(P<0.05)with bone weight,and were significantly positively correlated(P<0.01)with carcass weight;net meat percentage was significantly positively correlated(P<0.01)with slaughter rate;and carcass meat yield was significantly positively correlated(P<0.01)with meat to bone ratio.The correlation data indicated that all the indexes of Larima male yaks were better than female yaks,and the correlation data indicated that there were different degrees of correlation between the indexes of body size of Larima yaks and the slaughter performance,

关 键 词：拉日马牦牛 体尺指标 产肉性能 相关性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]