关系伦理视角下异种器官移植的知情同意  

Informed consent for xenotransplantation from the perspective of relational ethics

作　　者：马晶 MA Jing(School of Medical Humanism,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学医学人文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南京医科大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期591-597,共7页Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金“异种器官移植的生命伦理研究”(2023SJYB0332)。

摘　　要：原则主义知情同意强调“理性自我”和“正当行动”。“理性自我”的医生与患者作为单独个体的存在导致医患关系处于分离状态;“正当行动”使得人们依赖于外在规则导致内在责任感弱化。研究尝试通过马丁·布伯的关系伦理解决原则主义知情同意的问题。马丁·布伯提出“我—它”“我—你”区分的关系伦理,注重人与人之间的对话关系。从马丁·布伯的关系伦理视角,详细讨论异种器官移植知情同意的能力要素、信息要素和决策要素三个方面的特殊伦理问题。面对异种器官移植的不确定性,文章提出知情同意在“我—你”与“我—它”之间相互转换的基础上,以“我—你”关系为核心,实现对他人的积极责任。The principlism of informed consent emphasizes“rational egoism”and“justified action”.The“rational egoism”,where the doctor and the patient exist as separate individuals,leads to the disconnection of the doctor⁃patient relationship.“Justified action”makes people rely on external rules,leading to a weakening sense of internal responsibility.This paper attempts to address the limitation of the principlism of informed consent through Martin Buber’s relational ethics.Martin Buber distinguishes between“I⁃It”and“I⁃Thou”,emphasizing the importance of the dialogical communication between people.From the perspective of Martin Buber’s relational ethics,this paper discusses three specific ethical challenges of informed consent in xenotransplantation in terms of capacity,information,and decision⁃making factors.With the uncertainty of xenotransplantation,this paper proposes that informed consent should operate on the interplay between“I⁃Thou”and“I⁃It”,with the relationship of“I⁃Thou”as the core to foster a sense of positive responsibility toward others.

关 键 词：异种器官移植 知情同意 关系伦理 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]