基于自发熵增的静态物体系的超重失重分析与判断  

Analysis and Judgment for Overweight and Weightlessness of the Object System in Static State Based on the Increase of Entropy

作　　者：张泓筠 孟波 尹海峰 ZHANG Hongyun;MENG Bo;YIN Haifeng(School of Big Data Engineering,Kaili University,Kaili 556011,China)

机构地区：[1]凯里学院大数据工程学院,凯里556011

出　　处：《实验科学与技术》2024年第6期1-7,共7页Experiment Science and Technology

基　　金：基于新工科CDIO理念的传感器实验课程同构异课教学方法设计(SJG2023340);黔东南州科技计划项目(黔东南科合基础[2022]08)。

摘　　要：该文由一个简单实验导出了有趣的物理现象,物体系外观“静止”状态下可产生超重和失重。实验设计的简易物体系(盛水容器+水+气球),浮体重量和浮体与水的相互作用力不等。借助浮力和水压变化引起气球或气体热力学状态改变,进而反过来引起浮力变化,导致物体系对支撑物(台秤)的压力改变,从而产生超重和失重现象。针对浮体上下运动,从非平衡态到平衡态的自发状态改变,将熵变拓展应用到宏观物体运动。孤立系统宏观熵变增加意味着状态变化的自发性,以及运动物体和水的相互作用力大小与运动物体本身重量大小不等,由此可判断超重和失重。同时,详细分析物体受力状态的变化对于如何分析复杂物体系状态变化和受力起到示范作用。A simple experiment shows an interesting phenomenon of an object system in apparently static state exhibiting overweight and weightlessness.Such a complicated object system includes container,water,and balloon,among which the weight of the floating body is unequal to the interplay force with water once the equilibrium state is broken.Because of change in the thermodynamic state of the balloon,the buoyancy force and hydraulic pressure also change with it,directly resulting in that the platform balance shows overweight and weightlessness.The floating body spontaneously changes its movement in upright direction from the non-equilibrium to equilibrium states accompanied by an increase in entropy.Based on it,the concept of macro-entropy change due to mechanical work done by gravity is proposed.Furthermore,the increases in the macro-entropy change mean the spontaneity of change in state,and the existence of difference between the self-weight of moving object and the interplay with water,by which we can judge the overweight and weightlessness.Meanwhile,we also give a demonstration on how to analyze the changes in mechanical state and forces for complicated object system.

关 键 词：浮体 物体系 宏观熵变 应变片 温度计 

分 类 号：G482[文化科学—教育学]