海洋声速场水平梯度对海底大地测量定位的影响  

Impact of the horizontal gradient of sound speed on seafloor geodetic positioning

作　　者：周杰 薛树强[1,3] 肖圳[4] 徐莹 王凯明 李景森 ZHOU Jie;XUE Shuqiang;XIAO Zhen;XU Ying;WANG Kaiming;LI Jingsen(Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping,Beijing 100036,China;College of Geodesy and Geomatics,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266100,China;State Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Engineering,Xi'an 710054,China;School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University(Weihai),Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100036 [2]山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院,山东青岛266100 [3]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [4]山东大学空间科学与物理学院,山东威海264200

出　　处：《测绘学报》2024年第12期2328-2337,共10页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41931076);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202205100,LSKJ202205105);国家重点研发计划(2020YFB0505802);中国测绘科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(AR2313)。

摘　　要：复杂多变的海洋环境导致声速结构不仅存在明显的垂向分层特征,同时,受海洋暖流、内波等海洋物理过程影响使声速场存在显著的水平梯度。声速场水平梯度是影响水下高精度定位的重要因素。本文从三维声线跟踪定位模型出发探讨声速场水平梯度对水下定位的影响,给出了声速场平均梯度的定义及其反演模型,分析了声速场水平梯度反演精度的主要影响因素。研究结果表明,定位误差与水平梯度方向、海底应答器位置、海面控制网尺寸密切相关,当水平梯度的数量级达10^(-5)(m/s/m)时,可导致3000 m深海超过分米级定位误差;附加声速场水平梯度参数的海底定位模型可显著提高定位精度,其在平均意义下的水平梯度参数估计能够实现厘米级精度定位。The complex and dynamic marine environment results in a sound speed structure characterized by distinct vertical stratification.Additionally,influenced by oceanographic processes such as warm currents and internal waves,the sound speed field exhibits significant horizontal gradients,which are critical factors affecting high-precision underwater positioning.In this paper,the impact of horizontal gradients in the sound speed field on underwater positioning is investigated based on a three-dimensional ray-tracing positioning model,and the definition of the average gradient of the sound speed field and its inversion model are presented.Then the main factors influencing the accuracy of horizontal gradient inversion are further analyzed.The results indicate that positioning errors are closely related to the direction of the horizontal gradient,the location of seafloor transponders,and the size of the surface trajectory network.When the magnitude of the horizontal gradient reaches 10^(-5)(m/s/m),it can lead to positioning errors exceeding decimeter level in deep sea environments at depths of 3000 m.The seafloor positioning model considering the horizontal gradient parameters of the sound speed field can significantly enhance positioning accuracy.Moreover,the estimation of the horizontal gradient parameter in the average sense can achieve centimeter-level precision positioning.

关 键 词：水平梯度 水下定位 三维声线跟踪 平均梯度 定位误差 参数反演 

分 类 号：P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]