维特根斯坦的马克思主义观批判  

Criticism of Wittgenstein's Marxist View

作　　者：夏国军 XIA Guo-jun(Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期14-21,共8页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划自筹项目“蒯因哲学前沿问题研究”(项目号:2022ZZX005)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：受凯恩斯的影响,维特根斯坦关注到列宁主义以及马克思主义,赞赏地认为马克思主义是一种宗教,意味着对欧洲没落文化或文明的革命。他们简单地把列宁主义以及马克思主义混同为宗教是根本站不住脚的。宗教是饱受现世的苦难折磨且难以摆脱这种苦难的人聊以自慰的精神鸦片,是一种悲观的、宿命论的信仰;而马克思主义则是拯救苦难民众出水火的思想指南和实践指南,是一种高级的、积极的、乐观的、反宿命论的信仰;二者之间具有本质的差异。如果有人坚持以信仰为属概念,例如像凯恩斯那样,在宗教与马克思主义之间勉强求得一种维特根斯坦所谓的家族相似性,则这种相似性对于说明问题没有任何实质性的意义或贡献。正因如此,维特根斯坦(包括凯恩斯)把马克思主义简单地视同为宗教完全不合马克思主义的本义,是值得批判的。Influenced by John Maynard Keynes,Wittgenstein has paid attention to Leninism/Marxism and admiringly believed that Leninism/Marxism is a religion that signifies a revolution in the declining culture or civilization of Europe.It is simply untenable for them to confuse Leninism/Marxism with religion.Religion is a kind of spiritual opium,in which those people find relief when they suffer from the present world and find no way to escape.Religion is a pessimistic and fatalistic belief.Marxism,on the contrary,is a high-level,positive,optimistic,and anti-fatalistic belief and an ideological and practical guide for saving the suffering people from disasters.There is a fundamental difference between the two.If someone insists on using faith as a concept of genus,such as Keynes,struggling to find a kind of family resemblance between religion and Marxism,as Wittgenstein calls it,then this resemblance has no substantive significance or contribution to explaining the relevant problems.Therefore,Wittgenstein s or Keynes s view of Marxism as simply a religion completely contradicts the original meaning of Marxism and deserves criticism.

关 键 词：维特根斯坦 马克思主义 列宁主义 宗教 信仰 文化 

分 类 号：B521[哲学宗教—外国哲学]