形式特质与无功利性——论保罗·克劳瑟对审美领域的界划  

Formal Qualities and Disinterestedness:On Paul Crowther's Demarcation of the Aesthetic Domain

作　　者：朱松峰[1] 罗岩松 ZHU Song-feng;LUO Yan-song(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学,武汉430073

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期58-68,共11页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：保罗·克劳瑟认为,20世纪的美学研究面临一个根本性难题,即研究者无法公正地对待审美反应的多样性,以至于审美领域的独特边界频受质疑。为解决该问题,他强调美学研究必须从分析审美反应的共性转向澄清审美反应的差异。作为一名形式主义者,他首先指出审美反应的共性是对形式的关注,并阐释了“形式特质”的概念和结构,将之作为澄清审美反应之差异的基础;然后,他将形式特质与逻辑上的无功利性概念联系起来,阐明了审美反应的多样性,即绝对无功利与相对无功利的欣赏模式。在回应马歇尔·科恩与乔治·迪基对形式主义美学的批评时,克劳瑟重申绝对无功利的欣赏是区分人类经验的其他领域与审美领域的根据,因为它不预设作品任何的实际意义。由此,克劳瑟得以捍卫审美领域在人类经验领域中的独特性地位。他的形式主义为绘制审美领域的边界提供了一种可能的解释,展现了当代西方形式主义美学研究的重要价值。Paul Crowther argues that the study of aesthetics in the 20th century has faced a fundamental problem,where researchers have been unable to fairly treat the diversity of aesthetic responses,leading to constant questioning of the unique boundaries of the aesthetic domain.To address this issue,he has emphasized that aesthetic research must shift from analyzing the commonalities of aesthetic responses to clarifying the differences in aesthetic responses.As a formalist,he has first pointed out that the commonality of aesthetic responses is a focus on form and defined and explained the concept and structure of“formal qualities”,which serves as the basis for clarifying the differences in aesthetic responses;then,he has linked the concept of formal qualities with the concept of logical disinterestedness,thereby clarifying the diversity of aesthetic responses,which includes absolute disinterested appreciation and relative disinterested appreciation models.In response to the criticism of formalism by Marshall Cohen and George Dickey,Crowther reiterates that absolute unutilitarian appreciation is the basis for distinguishing other areas of human experience from aesthetic areas by not assuming any practical meaning of the work.Thus,Crowther is able to defend the unique status of the aesthetic domain in the realm of human experience,and provide a possible explanation for delimiting the boundaries of the aesthetic domain,therefore demonstrate the important value of contemporary Western formalist aesthetics research.

关 键 词：审美领域 审美反应 形式特质 无功利 超结构 

分 类 号：J01[艺术—艺术理论]