列车风道“号角形”共振结构的低频吸声特性  

Low Frequency Sound Absorption Characteristics of“Horn Shape”Resonance Structure of Train Wind Duct

作　　者：彭健 肖新标[1] 李承城 付辰辰 许天啸 PENG Jian;XIAO Xinbiao;LI Chengcheng;FU Chenchen;XU Tianxiao(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu,610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2024年第6期1201-1206,1251,共7页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934203,52002257);牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(TPL2205)。

摘　　要：列车空调噪声测试结果显示,空调噪声能量主要集中在中心频率为100~500 Hz的1/3倍频程频带内,且在125 Hz频带处存在显著峰值。首先,根据空调风道低频噪声的显著频段和空调风道尺寸大小,提出了一种“号角形”共振吸声结构;其次,为了验证仿真计算的准确性,用3D打印制作了实验样件,通过仿真结果与实验结果的对比,证明将“号角形”管嵌入到共振腔内可以实现共振吸声结构的低频吸声,实验的吸声系数曲线变化趋势与仿真一致;最后,利用数值有限元方法对不同的曲面管半径R、曲面管尾部半径r1和曲面管尾部直管L进行了仿真计算,通过改变R,r1和L可实现对结构吸声频带的调节,且可调谐振频率范围在70~170 Hz之间。结果证明:相比于单变量共振吸声结构,“号角形”共振吸声结构通过改变R,r 1和L的多变量参数,其吸声性能和吸收频带都获得了很大提升,并且可用于对列车空调低频噪声的吸收。Test results of train air conditioning noise show that the noise energy is mainly concentrated in the 1/3 octave frequency band of 100~500 Hz,with a notable peak value in the 125 Hz frequency band.Firstly,according to the significant frequency band of low frequency noise and the dimensions of air duct,a"horn shape"resonance sound absorption structure is proposed.Secondly,to verify the accuracy of the simulation calculation,an experimental sample is produced using 3D printing.Comparisons between the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the low-frequency sound absorption of the resonant sound absorption structure can be achieved by embedding the"horn"tube into the resonant cavity.The trend of the experimental sound absorption coefficient curve is consistent with the simulation.Finally,the numerical finite element method is used to simulate variations in the curved tube radius R,curved tube tail radius r1 and curved tube tail straight tube L.By changing R,r1 and L,the absorption band of the structure can be adjusted,and the adjustable resonant frequency range is between 70~170 Hz.The results show that compared with the univariate resonant sound absorption structure,the sound absorption performance and frequency band of the"horn shape"resonant sound absorption structure are significantly enhanced by altering the multi-variable resonant sound absorption structure of R,r1 and L,and can be used to absorb low frequency noise of train air conditioning.

关 键 词：空调风道 低频噪声 号角形 驻波管 共振吸声 

分 类 号：U270.4[机械工程—车辆工程]