孔子为己治人思想细绎——以《仲尼曰》重读《论语》“古之学者为己”章  

A Detailed Interpretation of Confucius Thought on Self-regulation and People-governance:Re-reading the Chapter“Ancient Scholars Advocate for Weiji”in Lunyu with Zhongniyue

作　　者：郭云鹏 方朝晖[1] Guo Yunpeng;Fang Zhaohui

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国文化与管理》2024年第2期25-34,256,共11页Chinese Culture and Management

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“考古学视野下中华民族共同体意识的形成与发展研究”(项目编号:22VLS002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《论语》“古之学者为己”一章,历来存在争论,有关异说可总括为三种。新出文献安大简《仲尼曰》作“古之学者自为”,可证“为”字当训为“治”,“自为”“为己”即修身。结合孔子对子路“使子羔为费宰”的批评,可知孔子主张“为己”先于“治人”。这一发现可以贯通《论语》中其他相关诸章的理解,进而认清孔子为己治人思想的基本结构:治人本于治己,安人高于治人,始终遵循“己所不欲,勿施于人”的原则。孔子对“仁”的基本主张亦蕴含其中,而“慎独”实即为己之学的切实功夫。孔子为己治人思想上承西周德位观念,并在孔门后学手中得到不同向度和不同程度的继承、发展与改造。The chapter“Ancient scholars Advocate for Weiji”in Lunyu has long been controversial,generally with three related dissenting views.A newly discovered document,Zhongniyue,written as“Ancient scholars advocate Ziwei”,proves that the word"wei"should be interpreted as“cultivation”."Ziwei"and"weiji"mean self-cultivation.Once Confucius criticized Zilu,who let Zilao serve as the Chief Executive of Fei District.It can be seen that Confucius advocated self-regulation prior to people-governance.This insight penetrates other related chapters in Lunyu,clearly understanding the basic structure of Confucius s thought on self-regulation and people-governance:pacifying people is better than governing them,which is based on self-regulation and always following the principle of“don t do to others what you don t want them to do to you”.Confucius s basic proposition of"benevolence"is also contained and“Being cautious when being alone”is the practice for self-regulation.Confucius s such thought inherits the idea of virtue from the Western Zhou Dynasty and is inherited,developed,and transformed by scholars after him to varying degrees and dimensions.

关 键 词：为己 治人 孔子 《论语》 《仲尼曰》 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]