1918年大流感在北京的流行及社会应对  

The Epidemic and Social Response to the 1918 Infl uenza Pandemic in Beijing

作　　者：吴文清 王居义 WU Wenqing;WANG Juyi(China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中医药文化》2024年第6期516-527,共12页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程重大攻关项目“中医史学”学科(CI2021A00207)。

摘　　要：通过系统整理18种民国报纸相关史料,探究1918年大流感在北京地区的流行及社会应对情况。记录1918年北京的春夏之交和秋季的两次大流感流行,政府及社会各界民众为防控流感疫情做出了相应的努力:负责公共卫生的京师警察厅购买、发放防疫药品,组织医生研讨疫病,发布、张贴防疫布告,并施行防疫、消毒;地方行政机构通过施诊、施药等措施,周济贫病;以汪仲鹤、郝植梅、杨铸园、马左泉、张月桥等为代表的中医药人,积极投身流感救治工作。中医中药尤其是银翘解毒丸、时疫清瘟丸等中成药的广泛使用,为减轻患者病痛、控制疫病蔓延发挥了重要作用。回顾百年前京城的这场大疫流行及防控,以期能为今后的疫病应对带来启发和借鉴。By systematically reviewing and studing 18 historical materials related to newspapers from the Republic of China,this study explores the epidemic and social response of the 1918 infl uenza pandemic in the Beijing region.At the turn of spring and summer,as well as autumn in Beijing,there were two outbreaks of infl uenza.The government and people from all walks of life made corresponding efforts to prevent and control the influenza pandemic.The Beijing Police Department responsible for public health purchased and distributed epidemic prevention medicines,organized doctors to discuss the epidemic,issued and posted epidemic prevention notices,and implemented epidemic prevention and disinfection;Local administrative agencies took measures such as diagnosis and medication to alleviate the conditions of diseases;Representatives of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners such as Wang Zhonghe,Hao Zhimei,Yang Zhuyuan,Ma Zuoquan,and Zhang Yueqiao actively engaged in the treatment of infl uenza.The widespread use of traditional Chinese medicines,especially traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations,such as Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan(银翘解毒丸Lonicera and Forsythia Toxins resolving Pill),Shi Wen Qing Wen Wan(时疫清瘟丸Epidemic-clearing Pill for Seasonal Diseases),have played an important role in alleviating patients’pain and controlling the spread of the pandemic.Looking back at the epidemic as well as prevention and control in Beijing a century ago,the study is expected to provide inspiration and reference for future epidemic response.

关 键 词：1918年大流感 疫情防控 民国报纸 《申报》 《民国日报》 《大公报》 《益世报》 

分 类 号：R-092[医药卫生]