北宋官药局流变新探  

A New Research on the Development of the Offi cial Pharmaceutical Bureau in the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：关素华 王小丁[1] GUAN Suhua;WANG Xiaoding(School of Medical Humanities,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学医学人文学院,南京210046

出　　处：《中医药文化》2024年第6期528-539,共12页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目(19WMB023);江苏高校哲学社会科学一般项目(2023SJYB0331)。

摘　　要：北宋官药局曾经历两次隶属关系的转变,第一次是为了减少推行市易法的阻力,从市易务转隶太医局;第二次是为了满足扩建和营利的需要,从太医局转隶太府寺。因获利颇丰,官药局在神宗与哲宗两朝稳步发展,在徽宗朝发展迅速,形成了收购生药、制药、售卖熟药为一体的产业结构。都城官药局规模扩大,向全国扩展,并更名为“医药惠民局”“医药和剂局”,以凸显惠民宗旨。官药局还组织编修《和剂局方》,影响深远。北宋官药局的创立发展与市易法的实施息息相关,其营利与惠民的双重特征是王安石变法精神的集中体现。The official pharmaceutical bureau of the Northern Song dynasty underwent two shifts in its affiliation.The fi rst shift was to reduce resistance to the implementation of the market exchange law,transitioning from the Market Exchange Offi ce to the Bureau of Imperial Doctors.The second shift aimed to meet the needs for expansion and profi t,moving from the Bureau of Imperial Doctors to the Department of Finance.Due to substantial profits,the official pharmaceutical bureau experienced steady development during the reigns of Emperors Shenzong and Zhezhong,with rapid growth during Emperor Huizong’s era.It established an industrial structure that integrated the procurement of raw herbs,production of medicines,and sale of prepared medicines.The scale of the offi cial pharmaceutical bureau expanded to include nationwide distribution,and it was renamed Yi Yao Hui Min Ju(医药惠民局Benefi cial Medicine Bureau)and Yi Yao He Ji Ju(医药和剂局Harmony Medicine Bureau)to emphasize its mission of benefi ting the people.The offi cial pharmaceutical bureau also organized the compilation of He Ji Ju Fang(《和剂局方》Benefi cial Formulas from the Imperial Pharmacy)which had a signifi cant impact.The establishment and development of the Northern Song dynasty’s offi cial pharmaceutical bureau were closely related to the implementation of the market exchange law,and its dual characteristics of profi t and public welfare refl ected the core spirit of Wang Anshi’s reforms.

关 键 词：官药局 熟药所 市易法 北宋 惠民 

分 类 号：R-092[医药卫生]