马王堆医学文献因时制宜思想探究  

Research on the Thought of Action According to the Time of Mawangdui Medical Literature

作　　者：张晨原 刘庆宇 ZHANG Chenyuan;LIU Qingyu(Institute of Science,Technology and Humanities,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学科技人文研究院,上海201203

出　　处：《中医药文化》2024年第6期560-568,共9页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目(2019BTQ009)。

摘　　要：马王堆出土医学文献中所记载的医疗实践能够反映秦汉之际因时制宜思想的发展水平。在药物的采收和炮制上,主张依据其生长习性,选择不同时节进行采集以提高药物品质和疗效,通过调整药物浸渍时间以增效减毒;在服药的时机选择上,强调祛邪多在先旦至朝时服药,补虚多在正午至晡时服药,邪气盛者宜食前服,正气虚者宜食后服,急证不拘时服,同时进行了周期服药的尝试;在养生宜忌上,认为行气、饮食、起居皆要因时而为。通过对马王堆医书中采药制药、养生治疗等医疗实践规律的总结,能丰富汉代以前医学史的相关内容,也能为现代临床应用提供借鉴和参考。The medical practices recorded in the medical literature unearthed from Mawangdui refl ect the development level of the thought of action according to time during the Qin and Han dynasties.In the collection and preparation of medicinal substances,it is advocated to select diff erent seasons for gathering based on their growth habits to enhance the quality and effi cacy of the medications,as well as to adjust the soaking time of the medicines to increase effi cacy and reduce toxicity.Regarding the timing of medication,it emphasizes that eliminating pathogens should generally be done from dawn to morning,while supplementing defi ciency should occur between noon and dusk.For those with strong pathogenic factors,it is advised to take medicine before meals,while for those with weakened healthy qi,it is better to take medicine after meals.Additionally,there are no strict time constraints for acute conditions,and experiments with periodic medication have been conducted.In terms of health maintenance,it is believed that the regulation of qi,diet,and daily activities should all be adjusted according to the changing times.Summarizing the principles of medical practices,including collection and preparation of medicines,as well as health preservation and treatment found in the Mawangdui medical literature,not only can enrich the content of history of medicine in China prior to the Han dynasty,but also provide references and insights for modern clinical applications.

关 键 词：马王堆 出土文献 出土医学文献 因时制宜 

分 类 号：R-092[医药卫生] K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]