论康德的先验哲学与形而上学  

On Kant’s transcendental philosophy and metaphysics

作　　者：韩水法[1,2] HAN Shuifa

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国哲学研究所 [2]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学分析》2024年第6期3-24,192,共23页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：康德的批判哲学体系是以其哲学革命为先行前提的,而后者界定了现代哲学的基本领域和主要使命。只有在这个条件之下,康德的先验哲学和形而上学才能得到准确的理解和把握。第一批判给出了先验哲学和形而上学的严格的定义,它们都以先天综合判断的元素和条件为核心。从第一批判到第三批判,先验哲学和形而上学的意义经历了变化。在第一批判,道德哲学尚未纳入先验哲学,而第一批判所阐述的先验哲学与形而上学的关系也并不适用于第三批判。不过,三大批判最终都纳入了先验哲学体系,即凡是有先天形式和原理的领域,就必定是先验的所在。但是,只有前两个批判属于康德的形而上学,因为反思判断力既不构成关于对象的知识,亦无客观的立法,从而也就缺乏普遍性和必然性。Kant’s system of critical philosophy is preceded by his philosophical revolution,which defines the fundamental field and main mission of modern philosophy.Only under this condition can Kant’s transcendental philosophy and metaphysics be accurately understood and grasped.The First Critique gives a rigorous definition of transcendental philosophy and metaphysics,both of which are centered on the elements and conditions of synthetic judgment a priori.From the First Critique to the Third Critique,the meaning of transcendental philosophy and metaphysics undergoes changes.In the First Critique,moral philosophy had not yet been incorporated into transcendental philosophy,and the relationship between transcendental philosophy and metaphysics as articulated in the First Critique did not apply to the Third Critique.Nevertheless,all three Critiques were eventually incorporated into the transcendental philosophical system,i.e.,wherever there is a field of a priori forms and principles,this must be where the transcendental lies.However,only the first two critiques belong to Kant’s metaphysics,since reflective judgment constitutes neither knowledge of objects nor objective legislation,and thus lacks universality and necessity.

关 键 词：哲学革命 先天的 先验哲学 科学的形而上学 批判 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]