康德论公共理性与语言他者  

Kant on Public Reason and the Linguistic Other

作　　者： 金琦(译) 葛四友(校) Huaping LU-Adler

机构地区：[1]美国乔治城大学 [2]武汉大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2024年第6期25-43,192,共20页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：按照康德的论说,“理性的公共使用”是寻求真理的学者在将自己的思想以书面形式传达给读者时所进行的理性运用。评论家们往往认为这种论说表达了一种平等主义的理想,而没有认真考虑嵌入其中的限制条件——特别是学术条件。在探讨康德对“东方人”作为在语言上,因而在认知和文化上都处于低等的他者的建构的基础上,可以对他的公共理性论提出质疑,并给出理由来担忧他的论说实质上是不平等的(即使它名义上是平等主义的)。此外要强调如下事实:康德是在殖民主义的背景下,并且是从权力的立场出发,来建构语言他者的。因此,他关于他者的观点具有形成意识形态和塑造世界的效果;以这种方式,他的排除性话语实践——例如将东方人描绘为较低的语言他者——可能会持续不断地影响知识生产和公共理性在现实世界中的运用。On Kant’s account,the“public use of reason”refers to the use that a truth-seeking scholar makes of his reason when communicating thoughts in writing to a world of readers.Commentators tend to treat this account as expressing an egalitarian ideal,without taking seriously the limiting conditions-particularly the scholarship condition-built into it.In this paper,I interrogate Kant’s original account of public reason in relation his construction of the“oriental”as a linguistically and therefore epistemically and culturally inferior Other.I present reasons to be concerned that Kant’s account is substantively inegalitarian(even if it is nominally egalitarian).Additionally,I highlight that Kant constructed a linguistic Other against the backdrop of colonialism and from a position of power.This positionality gave what he said about the Other with an ideology-forming and world-making effect.Consequently,his exclusionary discursive practices-such as depicting the oriental as an inferior linguistic Other-could have a lasting impact on knowledge production and the real-world exercise of public reason.

关 键 词：理性的公共使用 启蒙运动 实质不平等 东方主义 语言他者 认知不正义 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]