羧甲基壳聚糖微胶囊化改性氢氧化镁对聚氯乙烯力学性能及抑烟性能的影响  

Effect of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microencapsulated Magnesium Hydroxide on the Mechanical Properties and Smoke Suppression of Polyvinyl Chloride

作　　者：马维勋 张恒 赵良莲 王佳悦 陈雪琳 朵兴红[1,2,3] Ma Weixun;Zhang Heng;Zhao Lianglian;Wang Jiayue;Chen Xuelin;Duo Xinghong(College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China;Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China;Key Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry of Qinghai Province,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学化学与材料科学学院,西宁810007 [2]青藏高原资源化学与生态环境保护国家民委重点实验室,西宁810007 [3]青海省应用物理化学重点实验室,西宁810007

出　　处：《青海科技》2024年第5期54-61,共8页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC 51963018);青海民族大学高层次人才项目(2019XJG01);天津大学-青海民族大学自主创新基金合作项目(30587);青海民族大学研究生创新计划(12M2023014);青海民族大学大学生创新创业训练计划(2023-DCXM-48)。

摘　　要：聚氯乙烯(PVC)在空气环境中容易点燃,释放出大量的有毒烟雾,氢氧化镁(MH)虽然有较好的阻燃效果,但其与PVC基体之间的相容性较差,降低了PVC复合材料的力学性能。文章利用羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)中的羧甲基(-CH_(2)COOH)和羟基(-OH)与氢氧化镁(MH)之间形成离子键,制备出羧甲基壳聚糖包覆氢氧化镁微胶囊阻燃材料CMCS@MH(C@M),并将C@M添加进PVC基体中,制备出PVC复合薄膜材料CMCS@MH/PVC(C@M/P)。通过FTIR、XRD及TG等表征了C@M的包覆情况,以及C@M/P的力学性能、抑烟性能和热稳定性。实验结果表明:5%C@M/P的拉伸强度值为20.9 MPa,断裂伸长率为304%。5%C@M/P的最大比光密度降至6.481,达到最大比光密度所需时间为106 s。5%C@M/P样品较其他样品在800℃下的残炭率最高(约为3.304%)。本研究结果可用于设计研制微胶囊化氢氧化镁阻燃剂,进而为解决盐湖资源综合利用过程中的氯平衡而开发高阻燃性能的PVC薄膜材料提供参考。Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)ignites readily in air and releases a large amount of toxic fumes.Although magnesium hydroxide(MH)is a good flame retardant,it has poor compatibility with the PVC matrix,which reduces the mechanical properties of PVC composites.In this paper,the ionic bond formation between carboxymethyl(-CH_(2)COOH)and hydroxyl(-OH)groups in carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCS)and magnesium hydroxide(MH)was used to prepare the carboxymethyl chitosan-coated magnesium hydroxide microencapsulated flame retardant material,CMCS@MH(C@M),and the PVC composite film material CMCS@MH/PVC(C@M/P)was prepared by incorporating C@M into the PVC matrix.The coating properties of C@M,mechanical properties,smoke inhibition properties and thermal stability of C@M/P were characterized by FTIR,XRD,et al.The experimental results show that the tensile strength of 5%C@M/P is 20.9MPa and the elongation at break is 304%.The maximum specific optical density of 5%C@M/P is reduced to 6.481,and the time to reach this value is 106s.Among all samples,5%C@M/P exhibited the highest char yield at 800℃,approximately 3.304%.The results of this study can be used for the design and development of microencapsulated magnesium hydroxide flame retardant,which in turn can provide a reference for the development of PVC film materials with high flame retardant properties by solving the chlorine balance in the comprehensive utilisation process of salt lake resources.

关 键 词：聚氯乙烯 氢氧化镁 阻燃剂 羧甲基壳聚糖 微胶囊 

分 类 号：TQ325.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TQ314.248