水旱2种种植模式下钝化处理对空心菜累积镉效应研究  

Study on the Cadmium Accumulation Effect of Passivation Treatment on Water Spinach Under Two Planting Modes of Water and Drought Planting Modes

作　　者：杨波 谢艳华 李夏菲 陈伟聪 张志萍 李永涛[2] 胡峥 YANG Bo;XIE Yan-hua;LI Xia-fei(Guidance Center of Agricultural Technology and Equipment in Guangzhou Baiyun District,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510405)

机构地区：[1]广州市白云区农业技术与装备指导中心,广东广州510405 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第24期49-53,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广州市白云区土壤污染防治专项“广州市白云区土壤重金属污染安全利用及修复试验示范项目”。

摘　　要：[目的]为降低土壤重金属污染风险,保障农作物安全生产,开展空心菜大田种植试验,研究不同种类土壤钝化剂在水旱2种种植模式下对镉的钝化效果。[方法]设置淹水和旱地2个不同种植模式,对比施用石灰、海泡石、改性钼硅酸盐、生物炭4种土壤钝化剂下土壤pH、养分含量、重金属镉的有效性和空心菜产量、重金属镉富集量等指标的变化。[结果]旱地种植模式下,各钝化处理空心菜中镉含量为0.11~0.13 mg/kg,降幅在13.42%~26.67%,降低效果排序为海泡石>石灰>生物炭>改性钼硅酸盐;淹水种植模式下,各钝化处理空心菜中镉含量为0.08~0.11 mg/kg,降幅在4.54%~27.27%,降低效果排序为改性钼硅酸盐>石灰>生物炭>海泡石。4种钝化剂均能有效钝化土壤中的镉,降低土壤中有效态镉含量5.88%~35.00%,降低空心菜中镉含量4.54%~27.72%。同一钝化剂条件下,淹水种植可有效降低空心菜中镉含量3.91%~33.34%,其中以改性钼硅酸盐效果最好,降幅33.34%。同时改性钼硅酸盐在水旱2种种植模式下都有增产效果,海泡石、生物炭均会造成减产。[结论]“淹水种植+改性钼硅酸盐”是一种适合蔬菜农田重金属镉的安全利用技术体系。[Objective]In order to reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution in soil and ensure the safety of crop production,field planting experiments of water spinach were conducted to study the passivation effect of different types of soil passivators on cadmium under two planting modes of water and drought.[Method]By setting two different planting modes,such as flooded planting and dry planting,the changes of soil pH,nutrient content,availability of heavy metal cadmium,yield of water spinach and concentration of heavy metal cadmium were compared under the application of four soil passivators,such as lime,sepiolite,modified molybdenum silicate and biochar.[Result]Under the dry planting,the cadmium content of water spinach in each treatment was 0.11-0.13 mg/kg,with a decrease of 13.42%-23.74%,the reduction effect was ranked as:sepiolite>lime>biochar>modified molybdenum silicate.Under the flooded planting,the cadmium content of water spinach in each treatment was 0.08-0.11 mg/kg,with a decrease of 4.54%-18.22%,the reduction effect was ranked as modified molybdenum silicate>lime>biochar>sepiolite.Four passivators could effectively passivate cadmium in soil,reducing the available cadmium in soil by 5.88%to 35.00%and decreasing the cadmium content in water spinach by 4.54%to 27.72%.Under the same passivators conditions,submerged planting could effectively reduce the cadmium content in water spinach by 3.91%to 33.34%,with modified molybdenum silicate showing the best effect and a reduction of 33.34%.At the same time,modified molybdenum silicate had the effect of increasing yield under water and drought planting modes,while sepiolite and biochar could cause yield reduction.[Conclusion]“Flooding planting+modified molybdenum silicate”is a safe utilization technology system for heavy metal cadmium in vegetable farmland.

关 键 词：土壤钝化剂 镉 空心菜 旱地种植 淹水种植 钝化修复 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]