平朔矿区生态重建区域土壤障碍层次障碍因子研究  

Study on Soil Barrier Levels and Barrier Factors in the Ecological Reconstruction Area of Pingshuo Mining District

作　　者：吕崇源 王东升 宋佰宁 么廷禹 LÜ Chong-yuan;WANG Dong-sheng;SONG Bai-ning(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第24期67-71,118,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]研究平朔矿区生态重建区域土壤障碍层次障碍因子。[方法]以平朔露天煤矿排土场植被衰退区为研究对象,通过典型刺槐、榆树人工林样地调查与土壤采样分析,系统研究排土场植被衰退区土壤颗粒组成特征、土壤养分状况、土壤水分条件,明确土壤条件影响下的植被衰退机理。[结果]平朔露天矿排土场土壤全氮含量平均值总体上小于0.52 g/kg,土壤全磷含量平均值小于0.44 g/kg,土壤全钾含量平均值小于16.95 g/kg,全氮、全磷含量分别为极低、低水平,土壤全钾含量为中等偏低水平,存在严重的氮、磷胁迫和中等程度钾胁迫。平朔露天煤矿排土场地表覆土来源为煤炭开采过程中剥离的黄土及红黏土,土壤颗粒组成均一,以粉粒(0.005~0.050 mm)和黏粒(>0.250 mm)为主,0~40 cm土层土壤粉粒和黏粒之和占比在95%以上,受大型机械的碾压及自然沉降影响,排土场土壤严重板结,土壤容重较大;土壤水分整体处于凋萎系数(12%~20%)以下。[结论]土壤氮、磷养分缺乏影响植物生长,磷、钾缺乏,植物生长受到影响,植物抗性(抗旱、抗寒)降低。黄土及红黏土土壤紧实致密,容重大,水分入渗率低,干旱年份生长期没有有效雨,土壤水分入渗补给极差,极度干旱导致刺槐、榆树、沙棘逐渐枯萎死亡。[Objective]To study the barrier factors of soil obstacles in the ecological reconstruction area of Pingshuo mining area.[Method]The vegetation decline area of Pingshuo open-pit coal mine dump was taken as the research object,and the soil particle composition characteristics,soil nutrient status and soil moisture conditions in the vegetation decline area of the dump were systematically studied through the investigation and soil sampling analysis of typical Robinia pseudoacacia and elm plantations,so as to clarify the vegetation decline mechanism under the influence of soil conditions.[Result]The soil total nitrogen content in Pingshuo open-pit mine dump was generally less than 0.52 g/kg,the average soil total phosphorus content was less than 0.44 g/kg,and the average soil total potassium content was 16.95 g/kg,the total nitrogen and total phosphorus were both very low and low,and the soil total potassium content was medium to low,and there were serious nitrogen and phosphorus stress and moderate potassium stress.The source of the surface soil of the dumping site of Pingshuo open-pit coal mine was the loess and red clay stripped in the process of coal mining.The surface cover soil of the Pingshuo open-pit coal mine waste dump comes from loess and red clay stripped during coal mining.The soil particle composition was uniform,mainly consisting of silt particles(0.005-0.050 mm)and clay particles(>0.250 mm).The sum of silt particles and clay particles in the 0-40 cm soil layer accounted for more than 95%.Due to the compaction and natural settlement of large machinery,the soil in the waste dump was severely compacted and had a high bulk density;the overall soil moisture was below the wilting coefficient(12%-20%).[Conclusion]The lack of soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients affects plant growth,while the lack of phosphorus and potassium affects plant growth and reduces plant resistance(drought resistance,cold resistance).Loess and red clay soils are compact and dense,with a large capacity and low water infiltration rate

关 键 词：森林生态水文 植被退化 土壤颗粒组成 土壤养分 土壤水分 排土场 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]