不同间作模式对幼龄菠萝蜜土壤酶活性和真菌群落的影响  

Effects of different intercropping patterns on soil enzyme activity and fungal community of young jackfruit orchard

作　　者：颜彩缤 赵亚 李少卡 肖敏 范鸿雁[1] YAN Caibin;ZHAO Ya;LI Shaoka;XIAO Min;FAN Hongyan(Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Tropical Fruit Trees/Haikou Tropical Fruit Tree Scientific Observation and Experimental Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Trees Biology,Haikou,Hainan,571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所/海南省热带果树野外科学观测研究站/农业农村部海口热带果树科学观测实验站/海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室,海口571100

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第6期92-99,共8页South China Fruits

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金(321QN0952);菠萝蜜育种联合攻关项目;抗逆优质丰产菠萝蜜育种技术体系优化与新品种选育(ZDYF2024HXGG002)项目资助。

摘　　要：为探明不同间作模式对幼龄菠萝蜜果园土壤水分、酶活性和真菌群落的影响,以2021年6月定植的“琼引8号”幼龄植株为试材,设置间作南瓜、平托花生、硬皮豆3种处理,以单作菠萝蜜为对照,2022年1月采集菠萝蜜根际土壤样本后再间作,间作1年后(即2023年1月)再采集各处理根际土样,分别测定土壤水分含量、酶活性和微生物群落。结果表明,间作能显著增加土壤水分含量,2023年1月采集土壤水分含量从高到低依次为间作南瓜>间作硬皮豆>间作平托花生>单作。土壤酶活性与水分含量均未呈现显著相关性,蔗糖酶活性与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关。相比对照(单作菠萝蜜),间作南瓜和硬皮豆处理显著提高土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,提高碱性磷酸酶活性;间作平托花生降低土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;间作的土壤真菌丰富度与多样性均有所降低,降低子囊菌门、被孢霉门、壶菌门和镰刀菌属等致病菌群的相对丰度,提高担子菌门、腐质霉属、踝节菌属和亡革菌属真菌相对丰度,从而改善土壤微生物群落结构。In order to investigate the effects of different intercropping patterns on soil water content,enzyme activity and fungal community in young jackfruit orchard,young plants of Qiongyin No.8 planted in June of 2021 were used as test materials,and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from orchards under four planting patterns,including jackfruit(CK),jackfruit-pumpkin(BN),jackfruit-pinto peanut(BP),and jackfruit-hard bean(BY)in January of 2022.After intercropping for one year,rhizosphere soil samples of above treatments were collected again.Soil moisture and enzyme activity were measured,and rhizosphere microbial communities were detected.The results showed that compared with the single cropping mode,intercropping modes significantly increased the soil moisture.The order of soil moisture in the samples collected in June of 2023 was intercropping pumpkin>intercropping hard bean>intercropping Pinto peanut>single cropping.There was no significant correlation between soil enzyme activity and water content,and sucrase activity was positively correlated with that of alkaline phosphatase.The activities of sucrase and urease in soil were significantly increased by intercropping of pumpkin and hard bean,the activity of alkaline phosphatase was also increased.The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by intercropping of Pinto peanut.Soil fungal abundance and diversity were reduced by intercropping.The relative abundance of pathogenic fungi such as Ascomycetes,Mortieromyces,Chytridobacteria and Fusarium were decreased,and that of Basidiomycetes,Humicillium,Malleolaria and Dermatis were increased,thereby improving the soil microbial community structure.

关 键 词：菠萝蜜 间作 豆科 土壤水分 酶活性 真菌群落 相对丰度 

分 类 号：S667.8[农业科学—果树学]