大型固定翼无人机跟随民航机的尾流安全评估方法  

Calculation method for required wake turbulence separation integrating UAVs into civil aviation airspace

作　　者：魏志强[1] 王晶 WEI Zhiqiang;WANG Jing(College of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津300300

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第12期4533-4541,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2133210);激光雷达与器件技术重点实验室开放课题(LLD2023-008);天津市自然科学基金项目(S23ZDA212)。

摘　　要：为避免大型固定翼无人机受民航飞机尾流影响导致的危险遭遇事件,特别是在航班量密集的终端区,计算了空域融合时两者所需的尾流间隔。首先,建立了民航飞机(前机)的尾流场演化模型和大型固定翼无人机(后机)的遭遇响应模型;其次,构建了考虑位置容差的无人机跟随民航飞机尾流危险评估模型;最后,在国内现行尾流间隔标准基础上,调整了不同典型民航飞机和无人机之间的尾流安全间隔。结果表明:在无风条件下,当民航飞机A380飞行速度为66.5 m/s、无人机MQ 1 Predator速度为50 m/s时,在侧向总容差为110 m、纵向总容差为1 km、垂直方向总容差为20 m时,为确保飞行安全,无人机需要与民航飞机之间至少保持纵向间隔17 km、侧向间隔133.5 m、垂直方向间隔339 m。当前机为不同类典型民航飞机时,纵向、侧向、垂直方向尾流间隔需要分别调整为14~17 km、88~133.5 m、108~322 m。该方法能更好地预测无人机在民航飞机尾流场下的安全位置,调整尾流间隔,提高空域利用率。To mitigate the risks of dangerous encounters caused by wake turbulence during airspace integration,this research developed a model to calculate the required wake turbulence separations between large fixed-wing UAVs and commercial aircraft.First,the study utilized MATLAB software to establish models for the wake evolution of the leading civil aircraft(the leading aircraft)and the encounter response of the following large fixed-wing UAV(the following UAV).Next,based on the D2P model,the research constructed an assessment model for the dangerous area of wake turbulence affecting the following UAV,incorporating the induced rolling moment coefficient and the aerodynamic diffusion mechanism.This model comprehensively accounts for the positional errors of both the leading aircraft and the following UAV.By calculating the induced rolling moment coefficient within the wake turbulence region,the research quantified the risk level of the UAV encountering wake vortices and identified a safe positional range for the UAV.Finally,based on existing wake turbulence separation standards in China,the study determined adjusted wake separations for various typical commercial aircraft and UAVs.Through a comparative analysis of the wake characteristics among various aircraft types,the research adjusted the wake turbulence separations between different typical commercial aircraft and UAVs to meet the requirements for effective airspace integration.The results indicate that under calm wind conditions,when a leading aircraft(A380)flies at 66.5 m/s and a following UAV(MQ 1 Predator)operates at 50 m/s,the total tolerances are as follows:lateral separation of 110 meters,longitudinal separation of 1 km,and vertical separation of 20 m.To ensure flight safety,the UAV must maintain a minimum longitudinal separation of 17 km,a lateral separation of 133.5 m,and a vertical separation of 339 m from the leading aircraft.Depending on the type of leading aircraft,adjustments to the longitudinal,lateral,and vertical wake turbulence separations range 14

关 键 词：安全工程 空域融合 无人机安全 尾涡遭遇 容差分析 尾流间隔 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]