古希腊悲剧中的伦理革命  

Ethical Revolution in Ancient Greek Tragedy

作　　者：张同胜[1] ZHANG Tong-sheng(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《辽东学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期77-84,共8页Journal of Liaodong University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国古代文学阐释机制研究”(20XZW003)。

摘　　要：古希腊悲剧在文学伦理学批评的视域中获得了新的意义表现:它是古希腊人从母系氏族社会过渡到父系氏族社会过程中发生的伦理革命的文化记忆。母系氏族社会时期神话宗教以“至善”倡导的母子婚、父女婚、兄弟姐妹近亲血缘婚日益成为不可能,俄瑞斯忒斯弑母为父报仇,美狄亚肢解亲弟弟跟着伊阿宋私奔,俄狄浦斯王的弑父娶母成为伦理禁忌。父权制权力话语日益成为野蛮时代的主流意识形态,阿伽门农将长女伊菲革涅亚献祭给阿尔忒弥斯,美狄亚杀死两个亲生儿子报复丈夫伊阿宋,赫拉克勒斯的儿子许罗斯娶了乃父的小妻伊奥勒,雅典娜声称“我完全是我父亲的孩子”,俄瑞斯忒斯反问“难道我和我的母亲却有血缘吗?”如此等等,皆表明儿女已成为父系的所属及其私有财产的继承者。古希腊悲剧的严肃性就体现在那个天翻地覆的时代父权制取代母权制过程中的伦理革命性。Ancient Greek tragedy has gained new significance in the perspective of ethical literary criticism:it is the cultural memory of the ethical revolution that took place in the process of ancient Greeks’transition from matriarchal clan society to patriarchal clan society.The mother-child,father-daughter and sibling consanguineous marriage advocated by“supreme goodness”in mythological religion in the period of matriarchal clan society are increasingly impossible.The activities such as Orestes killed his mother to revenge his father,Medea dismembered his brother and eloped with Jason,and King Oedipus killed his father and married his mother become an ethical taboo.Patriarchal power discourse has increasingly become the mainstream ideology in the barbaric era.Agamemnon sacrificed his eldest daughter Iphigenia to Artemis,Medea killed two biological sons to revenge her husband Jason,Heracles’son Hyllus married his father’s little wife Iole,Athena claimed“I am completely my father’s child”,and Orestes asked“Do I have blood ties with my mother?”,all of those show that the sons and daughters have become the members of the patrilineal linage and the heirs of their private property.The seriousness of the ancient Greek tragedy is reflected in the ethical revolution in the process of replacing the matriarchy with the patriarchy.

关 键 词：古希腊悲剧 文学伦理学批评 伦理革命 父权制 文化记忆 

分 类 号：I109.2[文学—世界文学]