自然角主题活动中建构幼儿科学关键经验的实践探索  

A Practical Exploration of Constructing Key Scientific Experiences for Children in the Theme Activities of Nature Corner

作　　者：张孔雪 孙山 ZHANG Kong-xue;SUN Shan(Department of Education Psychology and Science,Sichuan University of Science Engineering,Zigong Sichuan 643000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学教育与心理科学学院,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔高等师范专科学校学报》2024年第6期17-22,共6页Journal of Qiqihar Teachers College

摘　　要：关键经验来源于美国高宽课程对幼儿学习与发展重要经验的梳理,关键经验具有整体性、活动性、情境性与真实性、连续性和阶段性特征。构建幼儿科学关键经验能够促进幼儿的科学认知、科学探究方法和能力、科学情感等方面的发展。基于关键经验视域反思自然角主题活动中存在的问题:注重形式功能,轻视教育功能;关注单一经验,忽视整体经验;主题活动缺乏连续性与生成性;教师专业性不足,缺乏有效的支持与指导;围绕回归儿童本位,强化教育价值;整合单一经验,形成整体认识;优化活动设计,关注预设与生成;提高教师专业素养,发挥支架作用四个方面来建构幼儿的科学关键经验。The key experience comes from the American high and wide curriculum's sorting out of the important experience of chil‐dren's learning and development,and the key experience has the characteristics of integrity,activity,situation and authenticity,con‐tinuity and stage.The construction of children's science key experience can promote the development of children's scientific cognition,scientific inquiry method and ability,scientific emotion and so on.Rethinking the problems in nature corner theme activities based on the key experience perspective:emphasizing the form function and neglecting the educational function;Focusing on a single experi‐ence,ignoring the whole experience;Lack of continuity and generation of thematic activities;Lack of professional teachers,lack of effective support and guidance.To build the key scientific experiences of preschoolers,the following measures can be taken:return to the child-centered approach,emphasize the educational value;integrate individual experiences to form a holistic understanding;op‐timize activity design to focus on predetermined and emergent outcomes;and enhance the professional competence of teachers to serve as a supportive framework.

关 键 词：幼儿 自然角主题活动 科学关键经验 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]