考虑柔性轮对的地铁车辆系统振动特性研究  

Study on Vibration Characteristics of Metro Vehicle System Considering Flexible Wheelset

作　　者：贾小平 戴焕云[2] 朱程 魏来[2] JIA Xiaoping;DAI Huanyun;ZHU Cheng;WEI Lai(CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210031,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司,江苏南京210031 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2024年第6期17-24,31,共9页Rolling Stock

基　　金：国家自然基金高铁联合基金(U2268211)。

摘　　要：地铁车辆轮轨相互作用剧烈,高频振动特性复杂多变。文章基于多刚体理论、有限元理论、模态综合法及车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,研究了轮对柔性对车辆振动特性的影响。以B型地铁车辆为例,采用刚性轮对和柔性轮对建立了两种车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,柔性轮对的运动学和动力学求解算法分别考虑拉格朗日方法和欧拉法,分析了无轨道不平顺激励工况下的轮轨接触斑面积、接触应力及轮轨力和有轨道不平顺激励工况下轮对的柔性特性对轮轨力及轴箱振动加速度的影响作用。结果表明:刚性轮对的接触斑面积小于柔性轮对,而接触应力大于柔性轮对,同时就柔性轮对而言,不同求解算法的结果也存在一定差异;不考虑轨道不平顺时,两种模型的轮轨垂向力结果基本相同,而轮轨横向力相差较大;考虑轨道不平顺(含短波)时,从轮轨垂向力的结果来看,刚性轮对的计算结果偏大,轮对的柔性主要对波长小于1 m的短波不平顺引起的振动有明显的抑制作用;从轴箱振动加速度的结果来看,振动变化剧烈的频率介于11.50~33.33 Hz之间,并随激励频率增大而急剧增大,其中刚性轮对增大105.85%,而柔性轮对仅增大56.83%~72.26%,由此可知轮对的柔性特性对地铁车辆系统振动的抑制作用主要体现于2 m波长以下的轨道不平顺激励。Metro cars have vigorous interactions between wheel and rail and complex and variable high-frequency vibration characteristics.Based on the rigid multi-body theory,the finite element theory,the modal synthesis method and the car-track coupling dynamic theory,the article studies the influence of the elasticity of wheelsets on the vibration characteristics of cars.Taking B-type metro cars for example,two car-track coupling dynamic models are built up with rigid wheelset and flexible wheelset,the Lagrange method and the Euler method are considered respectively for the kinematic and dynamic solving algorithms for flexible wheelset,the influence of wheel-rail contact spot area,contact stress and wheel-rail force without track irregularity excitation as well as the influence of the flexibility characteristics of wheelset with track irregularity excitation on the wheel-rail force and the journal box vibration acceleration are analyzed.The result shows as follow:the contact spot area of rigid wheelset is smaller than that of flexible wheelset while the contact stress of the former is greater than that of the latter;in addition,for the flexible wheelset,different solving algorithms have different results.If the track irregularity is not considered,the wheel-rail vertical force results of the two models are basically equal,but their wheel-rail lateral forces have a larger difference;if the track irregularity(including short-wave irregularity)is considered,the calculated wheel-rail vertical force of rigid wheelset is greater while the flexibility of wheelset mainly has an obvious inhibiting effect on the vibration caused by short-wave(wave length less than 1m)irregularity;from the result of journal box vibration acceleration,it can be seen that the frequency under which the vibration varies sharply is between 11.50~33.33 Hz and increases sharply with the increase of the excitation frequency,increased by 105.85%for rigid wheelset and only 56.83%~72.26%for flexible wheelset.It turns out that the inhibiting effect of the flexi

关 键 词：地铁车辆 车辆-轨道耦合动力学 柔性轮对 波长 抑制作用 数值仿真 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]