铁路货车空气制动系统抱闸故障原因快速排查方案研究  

Study on Quick Check Solution for Causes for Brake Sticking Fault of Air Brake System of Railway Wagon

作　　者：付长泰 房宏志 FU Changtai;FANG Hongzhi(Jinan West Car Depot,China Railway Jinan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250117,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路济南局集团有限公司济南西车辆段,山东济南250117

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2024年第6期158-162,共5页Rolling Stock

摘　　要：为解决铁路货车在现场运用中空气制动系统抱闸故障原因不易排查的难题,文章从铁路货车现场运用实际出发,根据空气制动系统特点和作用原理,重点通过对KZW-A型空重车自动调整装置限压阀、传感阀内部关键部件在制动及缓解过程中的动作规律及系统各支管气流走向进行了分析,总结出了一套不过度依赖复杂制动原理并适合一线作业人员的快速排查方法,将空气制动系统抱闸故障排查由原理性推导向实操化、可视化方向转变,排查程序简单实用,可操作性强;故障判断有明确标准,对一线作业人员业务技能要求不高,易于普遍推广;在现场实际运用中取得了良好的效果,达到了快速处置空气制动抱闸故障的目的,在一定程度上较好地保障了铁路运输畅通,提高了运输效率。在该方案支持下,组建了空气制动抱闸故障原因排查仿真模拟平台,为教学、演练、数据调研打下了坚实基础。To solve the problem of difficult checking of causes for brake sticking fault of air brake system in the on-site operation of railway wagons,the article is based on the actuality of on-site operation of railway wagons,according to the characteristics and working principles of air brake system,mainly analyzes the action law of the internal key components of pressure limiting valve and sensor valve of the KZW-A automatic empty/load adjusting device in braking and release processes as well as the airflow direction of all branches of the system,summarizes a quick checking method without excessive dependence on the complex braking principle and adapted to the on-site operators,and transforms the checking of brake sticking fault of air brake system from principle deduction to practical and visualized operation so that the checking procedure is simple and practical with strong operability.There is a clear standard for the fault judgement and the requirement for professional skill of on-site operators is not high,so it’s easy to be generalized.This solution has got good effect in actual operation on the site and achieved the objective of quickly handling the air brake sticking fault,better ensuring a smooth railway transportation to some extent and improving the efficiency of transportation.With the support of this solution,a checking simulation platform for causes of air brake sticking fault has been built up to lay a solid foundation for teaching,drilling and data research.

关 键 词：铁路货车 制动系统 抱闸故障 排查方法 研究 

分 类 号：U270.35[机械工程—车辆工程]