《周易》中的君子、小人之辨:身份、道德与时代变迁的交织解读  

Distinction Between Gentlemen and Villains in Zhouyi:Interpreting the Interweaving of Identity,Morality,and Changes in the Times

作　　者：吴国龙 WU Guolong(School of Marxism,Changsha University,Changsha Hunan 410022,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙学院马克思主义学院,湖南长沙410022

出　　处：《长沙大学学报》2024年第6期20-26,共7页Journal of Changsha University

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目“在‘两个结合’中坚持和发展马克思主义研究”;湖南省社科基金一般项目“史事宗易学政治伦理思想及当代价值研究”(23YBA243)。

摘　　要：《周易》中蕴含了众多关于君子与小人的深刻论述,揭示了古代社会对不同身份群体的道德期望与行为规范。具体而言,在《易经》里,君子主要指在位的贵族,小人则泛指普通民众,且《易经》中对君子的德行有明确要求,强调其社会责任与道德引领作用。随着《易传》与孔子的诠释,君子逐渐升华为儒家的理想人格,兼具内在道德修养与外在处世智慧。相反,小人在道德上受到贬低,成为人格的负面典型。历代易学家继承并发展了这一解释传统,君子与小人之辨成为易学史上的一个核心议题,并从学术领域传导至政治、社会生活的各个层面,在一定程度上塑造了中国传统文化的价值取向和人格理想,并对中国人的精神世界产生深远影响,对于全面理解中国传统文化,推动新时代公民道德建设具有重要意义。Zhouyi contains numerous profound discussions about gentlemen and villains,revealing the moral expectations and behavioral norms of ancient society towards different identity groups.Specifically,in the Book of Changes,the gentleman symbolizes the noble in reign while the villain represents the common.The Book of Changes also has clear requirements for the virtues of gentlemen,emphasizing their social responsibility and moral guidance.With the interpretation of Yizhuan and Confucius,gentlemen gradually rose to become the ideal personality of Confucianism,possessing both internal moral cultivation and external wisdom in dealing with the world.On the contrary,villains are morally degraded and become negative examples of personality.Successive Yi scholars have inherited and developed this tradition of interpretation.The distinction between gentleman and villain has become a core issue in the history of Yi studies,and has been transmitted from the academic field to all levels of political and social life.To a certain extent,it has shaped the value orientation and personality of Chinese traditional culture,and has a profound impact on the spiritual world of Chinese people.This profound and lasting impact is of great significance for us to comprehensively understand traditional Chinese culture and cultivate the moral construction of citizens in the new era.

关 键 词：《周易》 君子和小人 身份和道德 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]