碳配额所有权解释进路下的碳排放权研究  

Research on Carbon Emission Rights under the Interpretation Approach of Carbon Quota Ownership

作　　者：胡静[1] 董宜君 HU Jing;DONG Yijun(School of Civil and Economic Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2025年第1期135-149,共15页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“比例原则视角下生态环境损害法律责任体系化研究”(22CFX041)。

摘　　要：我国对碳排放权概念的使用经历了从经济学语境拓展到法学语境的过程。碳排放权的本来面目是经济学上的产权。若将其代入法学语境,碳排放权的性质应为法律权利的客体,地位相当于碳配额。目前法学上将碳排放权作为一项法律权利进行诠释可能会造成该概念理解上的混乱和实际应用上的困难。基于我国碳交易制度的实践,以碳配额作为权利客体,以权利人对碳配额的占有(持有)、使用(排放)、处分(转让、设立担保)等为权利内容的碳配额所有权对制度更有解释力和指引力。若将碳排放权视为排放碳的权利,则行使碳排放权实质上就是运用碳配额所有权的使用权能。碳配额所有权具有广义的政策性,以“行政本质、民法路径”为特点,以减排目标的实现为根本遵循,是以实行公法义务为目的的工具性权利,区别于作为目的性权利的传统民事权利。碳配额所有权的成立以配额的界定为前提,碳配额、核证自愿减排量的界定依赖碳排放量和减排量的检测和认定,基于此,行政机关应对数据质量进行严格监管。China's use of the concept of carbon emissions rights has gone through a process of expanding from an economic context to a legal context.The true nature of carbon emission rights is economic property rights.If we put it into the legal context,the nature of carbon emission rights should be the object of legal rights,with a status equivalent to carbon quotas.At present,interpreting carbon emission rights as a legal right in law may lead to confusion in understanding the concept and difficulties in practical application.Based on the practice of China's carbon trading system,the ownership of carbon quotas,with carbon quotas as the object of rights and the rights holder's possession(holding),use(emission),disposal(transfer,the establishment of guarantees)of carbon quotas as the content of rights,has more explanatory and guiding power for the system.If carbon emission rights are regarded as the right to emit carbon,exercising carbon emission rights is essentially the right to use the ownership of carbon quotas.The ownership of carbon quotas has a broad policy nature,characterized by“administrative essence and civil law path”,and is fundamentally guided by the achievement of emission reduction targets.It is a tool right aimed at implementing public law obligations,different from traditional civil rights that serve as purposive rights.The establishment of ownership of carbon quotas is based on the definition of quotas,and the definition of carbon quotas and certified voluntary emission reductions relies on the detection and recognition of carbon emissions and emission reductions.Based on this,administrative agencies should strictly supervise the quality of data.

关 键 词：碳排放权交易 碳排放权 碳配额所有权 配额 核证自愿减排量 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]