裂褶菌乙酸乙酯萃取物对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制机制  

Inhibition Mechanism of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Schizophyllum commune on Fusarium oxysporum

作　　者：李凤福 潘美晨 胡惠月 王莉颖 李长田[1,3] LI Fengfu;PAN Meichen;HU Huiyue;WANG Liying;LI Changtian(Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;College of Chinese Medicinal Materials,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学中药材学院,吉林长春130118 [3]中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所,天津300308

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第6期59-68,共10页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20);天津市合成生物技术创新能力提升行动项目(TSBICIP-CXRC-006)。

摘　　要：尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)是引起人参(Panax ginseng)根腐病的主要病原菌之一。为明确裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune)乙酸乙酯萃取物对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制机制,通过抑制菌丝生长和孢子萌发实验阐明其萃取物对尖孢镰刀菌生长发育的影响;采用显微镜观察菌丝形态变化,测定电导率和核酸含量反映细胞膜通透性的改变,通过丙二醛和过氧化氢含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活力变化明确膜脂过氧化程度。结果表明:裂褶菌乙酸乙酯萃取物能显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,最小抑菌质量浓度(5.00 mg·mL^(-1))培养7 d后抑菌率为56.75%;最小杀菌质量浓度(20.00 mg·mL^(-1))培养7d后抑菌率为100%。裂褶菌乙酸乙酯萃取物能造成尖孢镰刀菌菌丝干瘪褶皱,细胞膜通透性增加且内容物外渗。与空白对照组相比,最小抑菌质量浓度(5.00 mg·mL^(-1))处理组10 h后病原真菌的电导率和核酸含量显著增加;24 h后菌丝体内MDA和H_(2)O_(2)含量显著增加;POD、CAT和SOD呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在12h时达到峰值。结果表明裂褶菌乙酸乙酯萃取物可通过诱导过量活力氧产生,加剧膜脂过氧化等途径造成膜损伤使内含物流失,从而破坏真菌机体的防御系统,减少保护酶的含量,达到显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的作用。Fusarium oxysporum is a major pathogen causing root rot of Panax ginseng.To investigate the antifungal mechanism of ethyl acetate extract from Schizophyllum commune against Fusarium oxysporum,the pathogen was cultured with the extract,and then observed for hyphal growth,spore germination,and microscopic hyphal morphology;determined for cell membrane permeability by measuring electrical conductivity and nucleic acid content;and also determined for the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA)content,hydrogen peroxide content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity and catalase activity.The results showed that the S.commune ethyl acetate extract significantly inhibited the hyphal growth and spore germination of F.oxysporum,with an inhibition rate of 56.75%after cultivation at the minimum inhibitory mass concentration(5.00 mg·mL^(-1))for 7 d,and an inhibition rate of 100%after cultivation at the minimum bactericidal mass concentration(20.00 mg·mL^(-1))for 7 d.The ethyl acetate extract caused F.oxysporum hyphae to shrivel,and increased cell membrane permeability and leakage of cellular contents.Compared with the blank control,-15.00 mg·mL(minimum inhibitory mass concentration)of the ethyl acetate extract significantly increased the conductivity and nucleic acid content of F.oxysporum at 10 h,and the contents of MDA and H_(2)O_(2) in hyphae after 24 h.The activities of POD,CAT and SOD initially increased and then decreased,peaking at 12 h.In summary,the ethyl acetate extract of S.commune induced production of excessive reactive oxygen species and exacerbated membrane lipid peroxidation to cause membrane damage and loss of cellular contents,which destroyed the fungal defense system and reduced the content of protective enzymes,and thus significantly inhibited the hyphal growth and spore germination of F.oxysporum.

关 键 词：裂褶菌 尖孢镰刀菌 抑菌机理 膜脂过氧化 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]