面向典型风险情景的驾驶人操控与心理负荷特性  

Driver Control and Psychological Load Characteristics for Typical Risk Scenarios

作　　者：陈春兰 赵文超 CHEN Chun-lan;ZHAO Wen-chao(College of Transportation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第5期14-19,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的探讨典型风险情景下驾驶人操控与心理特性。方法选取40名驾驶人运用车载行驶记录仪、心理受导仪等开展自选驾驶试验,通过试验筛选出两种典型风险情景(车道线过渡区、前车制动),并实时采集两种典型风险情景下的车辆运行状态与驾驶人心理负荷等多源参数。引入提前减速时间、最小TTC、心率增长率(HRI)、R-R间期差值均方根(RMSSD)、低频/高频比(LF/HF)等指标解析驾驶人操控与心理特性。结果结果表明:在车道线过渡区,熟练驾驶人提前0.5~1.5 s开始减速,非熟练驾驶人仅有部分提前0~1.5s开始减速。随着提前减速时间的推移,RMSSD呈上升趋势、LF/HF则显著下降,表明驾驶人心理负荷逐渐减小;在前车制动情景中,熟练驾驶人最小TTC集中在4.8~5.3s,而非熟练驾驶人主要分布于4.5~5.9 s。随着最小TTC的增大,HRI与LF/HF逐次下降,RMSSD则有显著抬升趋势,表明驾驶人紧张程度逐渐减弱。结论驾驶人在典型风险情境下的心理特性和操控行为特征可为安全教育及培训提供重要参考。Objective In order to reveal the driver's manipulation and psychological characteristics under typical risk scenarios.Methods Select 40 drivers to conduct self-selected driving experiments using on-board driving recorders,psychological guidance instruments,etc.Two typical risk scenarios(lane transition zone,front car braking)were selected through experiments,and multi-source parameters such as vehicle running status and driver's psychological load under two typical risk scenarios were collected in real time.The indexes of early deceleration time,minimum TTC,heart rate growth rate(HRI),root mean square of R-R interval difference(RMSSD),low frequency/high frequency ratio(LF/HF)were introduced to analyze the driver's manipulation and psychological characteristics.Results The results show that in the lane transition zone,the skilled driver starts to slow down 0.5~1.5 s in advance,and the unskilled driver only partially starts to slow down 0~1.5 s in advance.With the advance of the deceleration time,RMSSD showed an upward trend and LF/HF decreased significantly,indicating that the driver's mental load gradually decreased.In the front vehicle braking scenario,the minimum TTC of skilled drivers is concentrated in 4.8~5.3 s,while that of unskilled drivers is mainly distributed in 4.5~5.9 s.With the increase of minimum TTC,HRI and LF/HF gradually decreased,while RMSSD had a significant upward trend,indicating that the driver's degree of tension gradually weakened.Conclusion The research results can provide important reference for safety education and training of drivers in typical risk situations.

关 键 词：交通工程 驾驶行为 高危环境 操控特性 心理负荷 实车试验 风险情景 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]