乌海市煤矸石边坡不同修复技术及其效果评价  

Evaluation of different restoration techniques and theireffectiveness on coal gangue slopes in Wuhai city

作　　者：胡育文 贾剑波[1] 申新山 王子熠 张梦杰 HU Yuwen;JIA Jianbo;SHEN Xinshan;WANG Ziyi;ZHANG Mengjie(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004,Changsha,China;Beijing Huaxia Oasis Ecological Environmental Engineering Co.Ltd.,100096,Beijing,China;Xining Ta′ershan Forest Farm,810007,Xining,China;Hunan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,410004,Changsha,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,长沙410004 [2]北京华夏绿洲生态环境工程有限公司,北京100096 [3]西宁塔尔山林场,西宁810007 [4]湖南水利水电科学研究院,长沙410004

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第6期116-125,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：湖南省重点研发项目“山水林田湖草沙系统增汇途径与机制研究与示范”(2023SK2055);湖南省自然科学基金项目“季节性干旱下树木叶片吸水与水力性状协同机制研究”(2023JJ31003);长沙市自然科学基金项目“亚热带季风气候区森林冠层水平降水对冠层水汽交换的响应机制研究”(kq2208413)。

摘　　要：为探究不同修复技术在煤矸石边坡生态修复中的恢复效果及可行性,在乌海市海勃湾区齐峰煤矿区煤矸石边坡上设置4种修复技术坡面,对比分析各修复技术的植被恢复效果及水土保持效果,并通过熵值法-TOPSIS模型对各修复技术进行评价。结果表明:1)该地区煤矸石边坡修复过程中豆科及菊科植物生长状况良好,豆科及菊科在该地区适应能力较强。2)人工修复技术相较于自然修复不仅可以增加植被株高、覆盖度和物种多样性指数,而且增强土壤与植被的持水能力以及土壤理化性质能力。3)覆土+撒播灌草籽+蜂巢格室修复技术是该地区最优的修复技术,此修复技术显著提高植被覆盖度、植被持水量,对该地区植被生长有明显的积极作用。在该地区后续煤矸石边坡修复过程中,植物种选择以豆科、菊科为主,修复技术选择以人工修复技术为主,例如覆土+撒播灌草籽+蜂巢格室修复技术,可显著提高复杂自然条件下煤矸石边坡植被恢复效果及水土保持效果。[Background]The coal mining activities in Wuhai have resulted in a multitude of gangue slope management challenges.The efficacy and practicality of various restoration methods for ecological rehabilitation of these slopes remain undetermined.Identifying suitable restoration techniques for these slopes is crucial,as it can offer valuable insights for analogous slope restoration endeavors.[Methods]Four distinct restoration techniques were implemented on coal gangue slopes,each spanning 26-36 m in length.At various slope positions(upper,middle,and lower),2 m×2 m plots were established to assess species composition,plant height,and vegetation coverage.Soil samples from the 30 cm were collected,and conventional analytical methods were employed to measure species diversity indices,vegetation water retention,and litter accumulation.The entropy value-TOPSIS model was subsequently applied to assess the restoration techniques.[Results]1)The restoration of coal gangue slopes in this region has shown that legumes and composites thrive well,suggesting a strong local adaptability.2)Compared to natural restoration,artificial restoration techniques not only increase vegetation height,coverage,and species diversity index but also enhance the water retention capacity of soil and vegetation and the ability of soil physicochemical properties.3)The restoration method of covering soil+sowing shrub seeds+honeycomb chamber is the optimal restoration technique in this area.This technique improves vegetation coverage and water retention,having a significant positive effect on vegetation growth.[Conclusions]For future rehabilitation of coal gangue slopes in this area,it is advisable to focus on legumes and composites in plant selection and to adopt artificial restoration methods such as soil covering,grass seed broadcasting,and honeycomb cell matting.These techniques can substantially improve vegetation recovery and soil and water conservation in complex natural settings.

关 键 词：煤矸石边坡 植被恢复效果 水土保持效果 熵值法-TOPSIS模型 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]