中职学校选择中的“问题学生”顾虑及其消解——对初中毕业生的访谈分析  

Concerns and Resolutions of“Problem Students”in Secondary Vocational School Selection:an Interview Analysis of Junior High School Graduates

作　　者：陈礼业 徐国庆[1] Chen Liye;Xu Guoqing

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所

出　　处：《中国职业技术教育》2024年第35期55-67,共13页Chinese Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“技能型社会测度模型、驱动因素及路径优化研究”(项目编号:VJA220006,主持人:徐国庆);国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“基于高质量发展目标的我国职教评价指标体系构建研究”(项目编号:BJA210104,主持人:张宇)。

摘　　要：不论如何质疑,学生与社会的发展仍然需要中等职业教育。然而,大众对中职学校愈演愈烈的排斥倾向,动摇了中等职业教育的生存条件。对18名初中毕业生的访谈资料表明,“问题学生”是引起他们中职学校选择顾虑十分关键的因素。在初中毕业生看来,“问题学生”是与中职学生共存共现的概念标签,其行为、思想与形象等具有较强的消极特征,并且基本流向对其管束有限的中职学校。选择中职学校,意味着既要承受与“问题学生”接触带来的种种负面影响,又要承受被外界贴上“问题学生”身份标签而引起的角色同一性危机,这是初中毕业生中职学校选择顾虑生成的双重逻辑。问题溯源发现,现行“双分支”学制是催生中职学校选择顾虑的深层原因。构建普通教育、技术教育与技能教育三轨并立的“三分支”学制,有望缓解甚至消除初中毕业生对职业教育的选择忧虑。No matter how questioned,the development of students and society still needs secondary vocational education.However,the increasing trend of public rejection towards secondary vocational schools has shaken the survival conditions of secondary vocational education.The interview data of 18 ju-nior high school graduates indicate that“problem students”are a crucial factor that causes their concerns about choosing secondary vocational schools.From the perspective of junior high school graduates,“prob-lem students”are a conceptual label that coexists with secondary vocational students.Their behaviors,thoughts,and images have strong negative characteristics,and they will commonly go to secondary vocation-al schools with limited control over them.Choosing a secondary vocational school means having to bear the negative impacts brought about by contact with“problem students”and the role identity crisis caused by be-ing labeled as a“problem student”by the outside world.This is the dual logic generated by the concerns of junior high school graduates when choosing secondary vocational schools.Tracing the problem deep,it was found that the current“dual-branch”education system is the underlying reason for the concerns about choosing secondary vocational schools.Constructing a“three-branch”education system with general educa-tion,technical education and skill education is expected to alleviate or eliminate junior high school gradu-ates’concerns about the secondary vocational education choosing.

关 键 词：中职选择 问题学生 顾虑 学校教育制度 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]