纳米塑料颗粒的形成及对环境效应的研究进展  

Research progress on formation of nanoplastic particles and their environmental effects

作　　者：张珍明 肖进男 靳芙蓉 ZHANG Zhenming;XIAO Jinnan;JIN Furong(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550000,China;Xining Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Xining 810099,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550000 [2]西宁市农业技术推广服务中心,青海西宁810099

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2025年第1期87-97,共11页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,编号:42367031;贵州省百层次人才项目,编号:GCC[2023]062;贵阳市科技计划项目,编号[2023]13-13。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨粒径小于1μm的纳米塑料颗粒在环境中引发的环境效应。【研究现状】对纳米塑料颗粒与污染物的联合毒性效应及毒性机制进行系统概述;总结纳米塑料颗粒的来源、形成途径,对动、植物等造成的危害,与微生物之间的相互作用影响。【结论与展望】对纳米塑料颗粒的行为效应研究主要聚焦于海洋,而对淡水、土壤和大气等生态系统的纳米塑料颗粒污染研究较少;纳米塑料颗粒在自然环境中难降解,应加强对纳米塑料颗粒的精准识别,尤其是对老化产物的分析与精准检测及与其他污染物之间的作用关系。Objective To comprehensively understand the pollution behavior of nanoplastic particles(NPs)(with a particle size smaller than 1μm)is essential for grasping their environmental impact in the natural environment.Progress This paper systematically outlines the sources and formation pathways of nanoplastics,the harm they cause to animals and plants,their interactions with microorganisms,and the combined toxicity effects and mechanisms of NPs with pollutants.Key sources of NPs include agricultural film usage,wastewater irrigation,and domestic sewage discharge.The formation process of NPs in the environment is more complex,involving multiple pathways such as photodegradation,chemical degradation,physical fragmentation,thermal degradation,and microbial degradation,with photodegradation and microbial degradation being the primary pathways.Research on the harmful effects of NPs on animals primarily focuses on aquatic environments,particularly in freshwater and marine ecosystems.In marine environments,the behavior of NPs involves agglomeration,adsorption,and the release of additives.NPs are also toxic to plant growth in soils,with studies focusing on their distribution in the soil environment,the mechanisms of root absorption in plants,and their modes of action.Current studies on the interactions between NPs and microorganisms have primarily focused on bacteria.NPs impact bacterial development by reducing growth activity,lowering enzyme activity,decreasing surface charge,and altering biofilm formation patterns.The interactions between NPs and microorganisms in natural environments are complex,with their interplay relationships being more evident in water and soil environments.With increasingly more advanced research being conducted worldwide on the toxicological mechanisms of NPs,their effects on earthworms in soil,freshwater zebrafish,marine fish,and microalgae have emerged as hot spots.NPs are regarded as one of the most severe ecological threats,and their combination with pollutants,such as heavy metals,antibiotics,an

关 键 词：纳米塑料颗粒 环境效应 毒性机制 环境行为 

分 类 号：TB44[一般工业技术] TQ324.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]