收入流动性与中等收入群体扩容:教育的影响效应与作用机制  

Income Mobility and the Expansion of the Middle-Income Group:The Impact and Mechanisms of Education

作　　者：王立成 宗晓华[2] Licheng Wang;Xiaohua Zong(Business School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875 [2]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第6期59-69,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学一般项目“赋能新质生产力的高等教育与产业结构动态调适机制研究”(项目批准号:BKA240178)。

摘　　要：教育是实现全体人民共同富裕的重要途径。以中等收入群体扩容为目标,依据2014年和2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据,构建Probit模型考察教育对低收入群体跃升为中等收入群体(“提低”)和中等收入群体稳固自身收入阶层地位(“稳中”)的贡献。研究发现:(1)教育可以显著“提低”与“稳中”,但对“稳中”的效应更大。与其他学历层次相比,大学教育的“提低”效应更强;(2)教育通过人力资本积累对“提低”的影响较弱,且无法通过人力资本流动显著提升低收入群体的收入阶层,表明教育对该群体的增收效率较低;(3)教育对“稳中”群体存在明显的异质性影响,对农业户口、父亲学历低、家庭社会地位较低群体的效果更突出。未来应加大高中及以上教育供给、加快实施普惠性人力资本提升行动与中小企业扶持计划、深化对弱势家庭子女的教育扶持,以期推动共同富裕与教育强国建设。Education is an important way to achieve common prosperity for all people.Taking the expansion of the middle-income group as the goal,based on the data of China Labor Force Dynamic Survey in 2014 and 2018,this paper constructs a probit model to examine the contribution of education to the transition of the low-income group to the middle-income group(“lifting the low”)and the middle-income group to stabilize their income class status(“stabilizing the middle”).The findings reveal that:(1)Education significantly facilitates both“lifting the low”and“stabilizing the middle”with a more pronounced effect in the latter.Relative to other educational levels,higher education demonstrates a stronger effect on“lifting the low”;(2)The impact of education through the accumulation of human capital on“lifting the low”is relatively weak,and it fails to significantly improve the income status of the low-income group through human capital mobility,indicating a lower efficiency of education in income enhancement for this group;(3)Education has an obvious heterogeneous impact on the“stabilizing the middle”group,and the effect is more prominent for the group with agricultural household registration,lower paternal educational levels,and lower family social status.Future initiatives should focus on expanding the provision of high school and higher education,accelerating the implementation of inclusive human capital enhancement actions and support programs for small and medium enterprises,and deepening educational support for children from disadvantaged families,all aimed at fostering common prosperity and building a powerful country in education.

关 键 词：共同富裕 中等收入群体 收入流动性 教育 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]