Advances in the Development of Gradient Scaffolds Made of Nano‑Micromaterials for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration  

作　　者：Lei Fang Xiaoqi Lin Ruian Xu Lu Liu Yu Zhang Feng Tian Jiao Jiao Li Jiajia Xue 

机构地区：[1]Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,People’s Republic of China [2]State Key Laboratory of Organic‑Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,People’s Republic of China [3]School of Biomedical Engineering,Faculty of Engineering and IT,University of Technology Sydney,Sydney,NSW 2007,Australia

出　　处：《Nano-Micro Letters》2025年第3期455-500,共46页纳微快报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52473121,52403370 and 52221006);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202020,buctrc202312).

摘　　要：The intricate hierarchical structure of musculoskeletal tissues,including bone and interface tissues,necessitates the use of complex scaffold designs and material structures to serve as tissue-engineered substitutes.This has led to growing interest in the development of gradient bone scaffolds with hierarchical structures mimicking the extracellular matrix of native tissues to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes.Building on the anatomical characteristics of bone and interfacial tissues,this review provides a summary of current strategies used to design and fabricate biomimetic gradient scaffolds for repairing musculoskeletal tissues,specifically focusing on methods used to construct compositional and structural gradients within the scaffolds.The latest applications of gradient scaffolds for the regeneration of bone,osteochondral,and tendon-to-bone interfaces are presented.Furthermore,the current progress of testing gradient scaffolds in physiologically relevant animal models of skeletal repair is discussed,as well as the challenges and prospects of moving these scaffolds into clinical application for treating musculoskeletal injuries.

关 键 词：Gradient scaffolds Musculoskeletal tissues Advanced manufacturing BIOMATERIALS Tissue regeneration 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程] R68[医药卫生—基础医学]