低蛋白质饲料中补充必需氨基酸对斑鳢幼鱼生长性能、肌肉氨基酸组成、血浆生化指标及肝脏氨基酸代谢相关基因表达的影响  

Influences of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Essential Amino Acids on Growth Performance,Muscle Amino Acid Composition,Plasma Biochemical Indexes and Expression of Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Liver of Juvenile Blotched Snakehead(Channa maculata)

作　　者：费树站 康茄敏 张军豪 刘海洋 罗青[1] 张新铖[1] 陈昆慈[1] 欧密 赵建[1,2,3] FEI Shuzhan;KANG Jiamin;ZHANG Junhao;LIU Haiyang;LUO Qing;ZHANG Xincheng;CHEN Kunci;OU Mi;ZHAO Jian(Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510380,China;College of Life Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广州510380 [2]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710119 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第12期7930-7942,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部-国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2023TD37,2023SJHX2,2024SJRC6);广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(2022-SPY-00-016);2024年高水平广东省农业科技示范市建设资金市院合作项目。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究低蛋白质饲料中补充必需氨基酸对斑鳢幼鱼生长性能、肌肉氨基酸组成、血浆生化指标及肝脏氨基酸代谢相关基因表达的影响。试验随机选取540尾健康的斑鳢幼鱼,初始体重为(16.85±0.21)g,随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾鱼。高蛋白质组(HP组,对照组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为48%的高蛋白质饲料,低蛋白质组(LP组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为42%的低蛋白质饲料,低蛋白质+必需氨基酸组(LP+EAA组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为44%的低蛋白质+必需氨基酸(精氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸)饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)HP组和LP+EAA组的增重率和特定生长率显著高于LP组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于LP组(P<0.05)。LP组和LP+EAA组的氮沉积率显著高于HP组(P<0.05)。2)LP组的鱼体粗脂肪和干物质含量显著低于HP组和LP+EAA组(P<0.05)。LP+EAA组的肌肉缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、总必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量显著高于HP组和LP组(P<0.05),肌肉酪氨酸和甘氨酸含量显著高于HP组(P<0.05)。3)LP+EAA组的血浆尿素氮含量显著低于HP组(P<0.05),LP组的血浆高密度脂蛋白含量显著低于HP组和LP+EAA组(P<0.05),LP组的血浆谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于LP+EAA组(P<0.05)。4)LP组的肝脏中y+L型氨基酸转运体(y+LAT2)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(TOR)、核糖体蛋白S6激酶1(S6K1)、小肽转运体1(PepT1)和增强结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)的mRNA相对表达量显著低于HP组(P<0.05),肝脏中真核起始因子4E结合蛋白1(4EBP1)和发育和DNA损伤反应调节蛋白1(REDD1)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于HP组(P<0.05);LP+EAA组的肝脏中PepT1和CHOP的mRNA相对表达量显著低于HP组(P<0.05)。5)肝脏组织学观察发现,LP组肝脏空泡化严重,而LP+EAA组肝脏形态正常。综上所述,饲料粗蛋白质水平从48%降低到42%并补充必需氨基酸,不影响斑鳢幼鱼的生长性能和饲料�The objective of this experiment was to study the influences of low protein diet supplemented with essential amino acids on growth performance,muscle amino acid composition,plasma biochemical indexes and expression of amino acid metabolism-related genes in liver of juvenile blotched snakehead(Channa maculata).A total of 540 health juvenile blotched snakehead with initial body weight of(16.85±0.21)g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 60 fish per replicate.The high protein group(HP group,control group)was fed a high protein diet with the crude protein level of 48%,the low protein group(LP group)was fed a low protein diet with the crude protein level of 42%,and the low protein group+essential amino acids(LP+EAA group)was fed a low protein+essential amino acids(arginine,lysine,methionine and threonine)diet with the crude protein level of 44%.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of HP group and LP+EAA group were significantly higher than those of LP group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that of LP group(P<0.05).The nitrogen retention efficiency of LP group and LP+EAA group was significantly higher than that of HP group(P<0.05).2)The contents of ether extract and dry matter in fish body of LP group were significantly lower than those of HP group and LP+EAA group(P<0.05).The contents of valine,methionine,isoleucine,leucine,lysine,histidine,total essential amino acid and total amino acid in muscle of LP+EAA group were significantly higher than those of HP group and LP group(P<0.05),and the contents of tyrosine and glycine in muscle were significantly higher than those of HP group(P<0.05).3)The plasma urea nitrogen content of LP+EAA group was significantly lower than that of HP group(P<0.05),the plasma high-density lipoprotein content of LP group was significantly lower than that of HP group and LP+EAA group(P<0.05),and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and gluta

关 键 词：斑鳢 低蛋白质饲料 必需氨基酸 生长性能 肝脏健康 

分 类 号：S963.731[农业科学—水产养殖]