中国环境应急管理体系的演进历程与提升路径  

The Evolution Process and Paths for Improvement of China's Environmental Emergency Management System

作　　者：卢春天[1] 朱杰 Lu Chuntian;Zhu Jie

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院 [2]无锡职业技术学院马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第9期83-97,142,143,F0003,共18页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“近20年中国城市居民环境关心的变迁及动力机制研究”(23ASH010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自2005年以来,我国环境应急管理经历了事件“应激”后的高速发展期、健全完善期和深化提升期三个阶段。目前,我国确立了适应国情的“一案三制”环境应急管理体系,突发环境事件的数量与危害明显下降,环境事件应对能力有效提升,但依然面临严峻挑战,在管理机构、管理法规与管理手段等方面仍存在一些问题与短板。面向新发展阶段,我国环境应急管理要锚定根本改变突发环境事件多发频发态势与全面防控环境风险的目标,在机构上统筹规划应急管理体制架构设计,在法规上健全相应的法制机制与预案体系,在手段上强化科技赋能与推进多元治理,建立与基本实现现代化相适应的中国特色环境应急体系。Since the Songhua River water pollution incident in 2005,China's environmental emergency management has progressed through three stages:a rapid development phase after the incident,a phase of system improvement,and a period of deepening and enhancement.Currently,China has established an environmental emergency management system suited to national conditions,characterized by a“one plan,three systems”approach.The number and impact of environmental incidents have significantly decreased,and the capability to respond to such events has effectively improved.However,severe challenges remain,with issues and shortcomings in management institutions,regulations,and methods.Looking towards the new development stage,China's environmental emergency management should aim to fundamentally change the frequent occurrence of sudden environmental incidents and comprehensively control environmental risks.This includes planning the emergency management system structure,improving the legal mechanisms and contingency plans,enhancing technological empowerment and promoting diversified governance,and establishing an environmental emergency system with Chinese characteristics that aligns with modernization goals.

关 键 词：环境应急管理 突发环境事件 演进历程 提升路径 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]