“欲为强毅之国民”——20世纪前期军国民教育的思想与实践  

“To Be a Strong and Resolute Nation”:The Thought and Practice of Military National Education in the Early 20th Century

作　　者：杨雨青[1] 许颖轩 Yang Yuqing;Xu Yingxuan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第9期112-125,143,144,共16页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：军国民教育思想形成于近代中国一再屈辱战败的历史背景下。作为军国民教育最早的提出者和倡导者,留日学生蔡锷和蒋百里在《新民丛报》上大力宣扬军国民教育思想。在军国民教育思想的影响下,留日学生开始自发组织军事训练,其后清政府和北洋政府也有意在现代学校的教育中尝试和推广兵式操等军事训练项目。然而,在第一次世界大战结束后,随着“公理战胜强权”成为国人基本共识,军国民教育一度受到排斥,直至济南惨案爆发才再度为世人重视。20世纪前期军国民教育的上述发展历程值得深入探讨。The ideology of military national education emerged against the backdrop of humiliation and defeat in modern China.Cai E and Jiang Baili,early advocates of this ideology and former students in Japan,actively promoted it through the Xinmin Series Newspaper.Influenced by military national education concepts,students in Japanese began to organize military training spontaneously.Both the Qing and Beiyang governments subsequently sought to integrate military drills and other training programs into modern school education.However,after World War I,the principle of“justice over power”gained widespread acceptance among the Chinese populace,leading to a temporary decline in the popularity of military national education.It was only with the outbreak of the Jinan Massacre that this educational approach regained public attention.Thus,exploring the thought and practice of military national education under the new educational framework in the early 20th century is important.

关 键 词：清末民初 军国民教育 兵式操 国际形势 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]