汉唐时期人们对海岸的观察与认识  

Observation and Understanding of the Coastal Zone During the Han-Tang Period

作　　者：鲁西奇 LU Xi-qi(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期14-30,共17页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历史上的滨海地域研究”(14ZDB026)。

摘　　要：汉唐时期,人们主要通过3种途径观察与认识海岸与海岸地带:一是临山瞰海,登上邻近或位于海岸的山丘,观察海陆交界线,其所认识的海岸主要是山地丘陵海岸,也包括山前平原地带;二是浮舟观岸,或顺河入海,或由海入河,沿途观察河口海岸,其所认识的海岸主要是平原海岸,包括河流入海口受到海潮顶托形成的沙堤、沙洲与澙湖等;三是居城望海,立足于郡县治所,确定海岸与郡县治所间的距离,观察海岸地带的地理面貌及其变化,认识滨海地域的资源及其利用。汉唐时期,人们对于中国漫长海岸线各部分的属性、具体形态、海岸变化(淤岸或塌岸)均已形成基本认识,并在部分海岸段营筑塘堰,形成人工海岸。汉唐时期有关海岸的认识,主要是在王朝国家主导下人们立足于陆地、面向海洋对海岸带的认识,为汉唐王朝国家认知和经略海疆奠定了认识基础。People in the Han-Tang period mainly understood the coast and the coastal zone through three ways:The first was that people climbed the hill and looked out at the sea,and the mountains near the sea or looking at the sea were considered to be located on the coastline,and the coast recognized in this way was mainly a mountainous and hilly coast,but also included the piedmont plains.Second,people followed the river into the sea,or entered the river from the sea,and observed the estuarine coast along the way,so that the coast was mainly the plain coast,including the sand bank,sandbar and lagoon formed by the tidal top of the river estuary;Third,based on the administrative cities of prefectures and counties,people determined the distance between the coast and the administrative cities of prefecture and counties,observed the geographical appearance and changes of the coastal area,and understood the resources and utilization of the coastal area.In the Han-Tang period,a basic understanding of the attributes,specific forms,and coastal changes(silting or landslide)of each part of China’s long coast was formed,and sea ponds were built in some coastal sections to form artificial coasts.Understanding of the coast in the Han-Tang period laid the foundation for the dynastic states to recognize,control and manage the maritime frontier.

关 键 词：海岸 海岸带 海岸形态 海疆 汉唐时期 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] P748[历史地理—中国史]