论《庄子》的疾病之喻  

On the Metaphor of Disease in Zhuangzi

作　　者：尉维星 党圣元 YU Wei-xing;DANG Sheng-yuan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi;University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,陕西西安710119 [2]中国社会科学院大学,北京102488

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期111-121,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代文体观念文献整理与研究”(18ZDA236)。

摘　　要：疾病之喻是《庄子》象喻言说方式的重要呈现,探究庄子疾病之喻的渊源背景、内涵特色、功能意义等,对阐发庄子思想具有重要理论意义。先秦时的公共医疗知识、战国时期社会动乱的现实弊病、殷人后裔的文化身份与巫医不分的文化传统、地理气候对疾病的影响等,共同构成庄子以疾病为喻象的渊源背景。庄子疾病之喻中的“医门多疾”寄寓治世理想,“无病自灸”隐发批判意图,“卫生之经”属于济世药方,此三者共同构成庄子以疾病为喻象的象喻言说之解构和批判功能指向。疾病之喻体现着庄子的冷眼与热心肠,幽微传递着他对现实的热切关注,是庄子为其所处时代所患顽疾开出的一味良药,对当今世人如何安顿心灵焦灼之疾依然大有裨益。The metaphor of disease is an important presentation of xiang-yu in Zhuangzi.Exploring the origin and background,connotation and features,function and significance of Zhuangzi’s metaphor of disease is of great theoretical significance for elaborating Zhuangzi’s thoughts.The public medical knowledge in the pre-Qin period,the realistic diseases of social turmoil during the Warring-States period,the cultural identity of the descendants of the Yin Dynasty and the cultural tradition of the inseparability of shamanism and medicine,the influence of geographical climate on diseases all jointly constitute the origin and background o f Zhuangzi’s use of disease as a yu-xiang.In Zhuangzi’s metaphor of disease,“many patients at the doctor’s door”embodies the ideal of governing the world“self-acupuncturing without illness”implicitly expresses the critical intention,and“the principles of health preservation”belong to the prescription for saving the society.These three aspects together constitute the deconstruction and critical functional orientation of Zhuangzi’s metaphor of disease as a yu-xiang.The metaphor of disease embodies Zhuangzi’s detached yet warm-hearted attitude,delicately conveying his keen concern for reality,serving as a potent remedy for the chronic illness of his era,and it still benefits greatly in terms of how to soothe the anxiety of the soul in the present.

关 键 词：《庄子》 疾病之喻 批判解构 现实关切 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]