竞技体育后备人才“一地一品”优势运动项目布局何以成形--以福建举重、湖南体操、广东跳水为例  

“One Region,One Specialty”Advantageous Sports Distribution for Competitive Sports Reserve Talents:How it Takes Shape--A Study of Weightlifting in Fujian,Gymnastics in Hunan,and Diving in Guangdong

作　　者：孔年欣 柳鸣毅[1,2] 敬艳 龚海培 杜志伟 彭李奥 KONG Nianxin;LIU Mingyi;JING Yan;GONG Haipei;DU Zhiwei;PENG Liao(China Youth Sports and the Integration of Sports and Education Public Policy Research Center,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;College of Sports Training,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院中国青少年体育与体教融合公共政策研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《体育科学》2024年第10期13-24,37,共13页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(24ATY010)。

摘　　要：为提升我国竞技体育后备人才的培养效率及效益,探索优势运动项目布局规律,选取福建省举重、湖南省体操、广东省跳水运动项目布局实践作为案例,挖掘“一地一品”优势运动项目布局的成形机制。研究发现,3个案例地通过识别独特资源禀赋结构、建立互联互通的组织体系、探索精英人才培养规律等举措,形成了精准遴选、精准管理及精准指导的优势运动项目布局策略。同时,充分结合运动项目竞技基础、开展氛围和培育条件等本土化情景,以刚性与柔性相结合的治理模式,打破后备人才培养深层次的体制机制壁垒,创新运动项目培育路径,推动形成精英化后备人才培养理念。由此,建立了包含后备人才培养制度变革、资源巧配与技术迭代在内的“一地一品”优势运动项目布局机制。To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of reserve talent cultivation in competitive sports in China and explore the distribution pattern of advantageous sports,this study selects the practices of distribution of sports in three regions,namely weightlifting in Fujian Province,gymnastics in Hunan Province,and diving in Guangdong Province,as cases to explore the formation mechanism of the“One Region,One Specialty”advantageous sports distribution.The findings of this study reveal that these three case regions have formed precise selection,precise management,and precise guidance strategies for advantageous sports distribution by identifying unique resource endowment structures,establishing interconnected organizational systems,and exploring the patterns of cultivating elite talents.Simultaneously,by fully integrating the local contexts such as the competitive foundation of sports,the development atmosphere,and the cultivation conditions,and adopting a governance model that combines rigidity and flexibility,they have broken through the deep-seated institutional and mechanism barriers in the cultivation of reserve talents,innovated the cultivation paths of sports,and promoted the formation of an elite-oriented concept for cultivating reserve talents.Thus,a“One Region,One Specialty”advantageous sports distribution mechanism encompassing talent cultivation system reform,ingenious resource allocation,and technological iteration has been established.

关 键 词：青少年 优势运动项目布局 竞技体育后备人才培养 一地一品 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]