婴儿乳牙萌出的前瞻性观察  

Prospective observation of eruption of deciduous teeth in infants

作　　者：刘霞 王丽明 仲文佳 LIU Xia;WANG Liming;ZHONG Wenjia(Child Health Care Department of Xujiahui Community Health Service Center of Xuihui District,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市徐汇区徐家汇街道社区卫生服务中心儿保科,上海200030

出　　处：《上海医药》2024年第22期53-57,共5页Shanghai Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal

基　　金：上海市徐汇区医学科技资助项目(SHXH202052)。

摘　　要：目的:观察婴儿乳牙萌出情况,并分析其影响因素。方法:2021年6月-2023年8月在上海市徐汇区徐家汇街道社区卫生服务中心建卡体检的足月出生、乳牙尚未萌出的347例健康婴儿为观察对象,前瞻性观察婴儿第一颗乳牙的萌出时间、1周岁乳牙数,并以问卷的形式取得婴儿出生时和出生后的数据及母亲孕期情况。结果:婴儿第一颗乳牙初萌月龄中位数(P5~P95)为6.80(4.81~10.43),97.1%的婴儿第一颗乳牙初萌位置为下颌中切牙,婴儿1周岁乳牙数中位数为8(2~9)颗。广义线性模型多因素分析发现,乳牙初萌月龄(β=-0.918,P<0.001)、乳牙初萌个数(β=0.500,P=0.002)、水果进食性状(β=0.680,P<0.001)与1周岁乳牙数相关;以不喜荤食和素食为对照,单喜荤或素食(β=0.999,P=0.001)、喜荤食和素食(β=1.139,P<0.001)与1周岁乳牙数相关。结论:婴儿1周岁乳牙数8(2~9)颗,乳牙初萌月龄、乳牙初萌个数、进食水果的性状、辅食进食喜好是1周岁乳牙数的影响因素。为了让乳牙正常萌出,需按时添加辅食、避免挑食并逐步改变食物的性质,及时添加颗粒状、条状、片状食物。Objective:To observe the eruption of deciduous teeth in infants and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Three hundred and forty-seven healthy infants born at full term whose deciduous teeth had not yet erupted were observed from June 2021 to August 2023 in Xujiahui Community of Xuhui District,Shanghai,prospective observations were conducted on the time of first deciduous tooth eruption and the number of deciduous teeth at one year old,and data at birth and after birth,as well as maternal pregnancy were obtained in the form of questionnaires.Results:The median of the time of first deciduous tooth eruption in the infants(P5~P95)was 6.80 months(4.81-10.43),97.1%of erupted first deciduous tooth in the infants was located at the mandibular central incisor,and the median number of erupted deciduous teeth in infants at one year old was 8(2-9).The generalized linear mode multivariate analysis found that the time of first deciduous tooth eruption(β=-0.918,P<0.001),the number of erupted first deciduous teeth(β=0.500,P=0.002),and the properties of the fruits consumed(β=0.680,P<0.001)were related to the number of erupted deciduous teeth at one year old;with preference for neither meats nor vegetables as the control,single preference for meat or vegetarian dishes(β=0.999,P=0.001),preference for both meats and vegetables(β=1.139,P<0.001)were related to the number of erupted deciduous teeth at 1 year old.Conclusion:The number of erupted deciduous teeth at one year old is 8(2-9),the time of first deciduous tooth eruption,the number of erupted first deciduous teeth,the properties of the fruits consumed,and preference for complementary food are the influencing factors of the number of erupted deciduous teeth at one year old.In order to ensure the eruption of deciduous teeth,it is necessary to add complementary foods on time,avoid being picky eaters and gradually change the nature of food,and gradually add granular,strip-shaped,and flaky foods in time.

关 键 词：婴儿 乳牙 萌出 辅食 

分 类 号：R788[医药卫生—口腔医学]