成年人住院患者营养风险筛查和评估工具的研究进展  

Research progress on nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for hospitalized adult patients

作　　者：马丽玲 陈梦婷 张均辉 杨列军 杨鸿 余慧青 Ma Liling;Chen Mengting;Zhang Junhui;Yang Liejun;Yang Hong;Yu Huiqing(School of Medicine,Chongqing University,Chongqing400000,China;Department of Nutrition,Chongqing University Cancer Hospital,Chongqing400030,China;Department of Geriatric Oncology,Chongqing University Cancer Hospital,Chongqing400030,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学医学院,重庆400000 [2]重庆大学附属肿瘤医院营养科,重庆400030 [3]重庆大学附属肿瘤医院老年肿瘤科,重庆400030

出　　处：《中国基层医药》2024年第12期1907-1914,共8页Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：重庆英才计划“包干制”项目(cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0256);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0400);重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2022jxjl120007);重庆市教委科学技术研究计划(KJQN202300120);重庆市沙坪坝区技术创新与应用发展项目(202394);重庆市医药生物技术协会科研育苗项目(cmba2022kyym-zkxmQ0011, cmba2022kyym-skxmG0002, cmba2022kyym-zkxmH0004)。

摘　　要：营养不良是指营养素摄入不足或过多、必需营养素失衡或营养物质利用受损, 进而导致人体成分改变, 生理功能和精神状态下降, 对患者的生活质量、身体功能、自主活动和临床结局产生负面影响, 导致发病率、住院时间、病死率和卫生支出增加。无论患者的年龄、病史及身体状况如何, 均应使用营养不良风险筛查工具对其进行营养不良风险筛查, 这有助于早期识别有营养不良风险的患者, 并尽早开始个性化营养支持以预防或逆转营养不良。临床工作中, 针对不同的疾病、年龄或医疗环境, 存在不同的营养不良风险筛查和营养不良评估工具, 且这些工具的有效性、一致性、可靠性和可推广性各不相同, 该研究对用于成年人住院患者营养不良风险筛查和营养不良评估方法的研究进展进行综述。Malnutrition is defined as insufficient or excessive nutrient intake,an imbalance of essential nutrients,or impaired utilization of nutrients.These issues can result in changes in body composition,decreased physiological function,and impaired mental status,all of which negatively affect patients'quality of life,physical function,ability to engage in independent activities,and overall clinical outcomes.Consequently,malnutrition can lead to higher morbidity rates,prolonged hospital stays,increased mortality rates,and elevated healthcare expenditures.Regardless of patients'age,medical history,or physical condition,all individuals should be screened for malnutrition risk using a malnutrition risk screening tool.This approach facilitates the early identification of patients at risk of malnutrition,allowing for the timely initiation of personalized nutrition support to prevent or reverse malnutrition.In clinical practice,various malnutrition risk screening and assessment tools are available,tailored to different diseases,age groups,and medical environments.However,these tools vary in their effectiveness,consistency,reliability,and applicability.This paper provides an overview of the research progress on methods for screening malnutrition and assessing malnutrition risk in hospitalized adult patients.

关 键 词：营养不良 营养评价 症状评估 老年人身心健康评价 人体测量术 诊断技术和方法 住院病人 老年人 

分 类 号：R459.3[医药卫生—治疗学]