回归基本权利保障本义:刑事强制措施的发生逻辑与体系拓展  

Returning to the Nature of Basic Rights Protection:Occurrence Logic and System Expansion of Criminal Compulsory Measures

作　　者：李小猛 Li Xiaomeng

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第12期142-157,共16页Law Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“新时代国家安全法治的体系建设与实施措施研究”(20&ZD191)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着1982年《宪法》的出台和宪法解释理论的发展,基本权利拓展所产生的尊重和保障人权条款、人格尊严条款以及私有财产权、通信自由和通信秘密权、隐私权、个人信息权等应当成为刑事强制措施的立法依据。当前刑事强制措施立法滞后于宪法基本权利所确立的法秩序。一方面,刑事强制措施仅包括干预公民人身自由的侦查行为,未能将干预其他基本权利的侦查行为纳入强制措施范畴。另一方面,基本权利客观价值秩序属性对刑事强制措施立法的约束付之阙如,刑事强制措施立法未能构建出现代法治所要求的法律控制手段。《刑事诉讼法》再修改时,应引入基本权利干预理论,以宪法所确立的基本权利秩序为立法依据和价值指引,将所有干预基本权利的侦查行为纳入刑事强制措施的范畴,并构建令状原则和司法救济等制度。在新型基本权利保障问题上,宜采用部门法率先立法模式,实现《刑事诉讼法》与《个人信息保护法》的有效衔接。With the legislative of the Constitution and the development of constitutional interpretation theory,respecting and protecting human rights clauses,human dignity clauses,private property rights,freedom of communication and communication confidentiality rights,privacy rights,and personal information rights should become the legislative basis for criminal coercive measures.China's legislation on criminal coercive measures lags behind the legal order established by the fundamental rights of the Constitution.On the one hand,criminal coercive measures only include investigative behaviors that interfere with citizens'personal freedoms,and investigative methods that interfere with other basic rights are not coercive measures.On the other hand,the objective value attributes of basic rights have no constraints on the legislation of criminal coercive measures,and the legislation of criminal coercive measures has failed to build a legal control method based on the rule of law.In the process of amending the Criminal Procedure Law,the adjustment of criminal coercive measures should be based on the basic legal order of rights established by the Constitution as the legislative basis and value guide.In addition,all investigative behaviors that interfere with basic rights should be defined as criminal coercive measures,the writ principle should be stipulated in the criminal procedure law,and a subsequent judicial relief system should be established.On the issue of new basic rights protection,it is appropriate to adopt the departmental law-first legislative model to achieve the connection between the Criminal Procedure Law and the Personal Information Protection Law.

关 键 词：刑事强制措施 强制侦查 基本权利保护 新型基本权利 《刑事诉讼法》修改 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]