包揽式还是合作式育儿更好?中国双亲家庭父母育儿分工状况与儿童发展  

Solo Parenting vs. Coparenting : Division of Parenthood and ChildDevelopment in Families with Two Parents in China

作　　者：张春泥[1] 盛禾 肖凤秋 ZHANG Chun-ni;SHENG He;XIAO Feng-qiu(Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;China National Children's Center,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871 [2]中国儿童中心,北京100035

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2024年第6期7-19,共13页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“‘双减’背景下首都儿童青少年校外时间利用的模式、影响机制及干预研究”(项目编号:22JYC023)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：父母参与对儿童发展至关重要。论文关注中国双亲家庭中父母不同的育儿分工模式对子女发展的影响。根据父母在儿童日常照顾和学业辅导中的角色,论文区分了父亲包揽、母亲包揽、母亲负责辅导而父亲负责照顾型合作和父亲负责辅导而母亲负责照顾型合作四种模式,重点比较这四类模式下义务教育阶段儿童的学业表现、心态以及家庭为促进儿童成长所提供的家庭教育环境。基于2023年面向全国112所公立学校义务教育阶段学生及其家长开展的“儿童校外生活状况调查”数据,研究发现,中国双亲家庭的育儿分工中,母亲包揽型最多,其次是父母合作型,父亲包揽型最少。随着儿童年龄的增长,父母合作型育儿的比例逐渐上升。较之母亲包揽型育儿,父母合作型育儿更有助于促进儿童的学业表现、心态、亲子关系和丰富课外生活的安排,这在一定程度上肯定了当下家庭教育政策所倡导的父母共担育儿责任的现实价值。不过,父亲包揽型家庭的儿童在学业表现、课外生活、亲子关系方面表现不及母亲包揽型家庭,这一抚育类型的家庭值得关注。This paper examines the crucial role parents play in child development especially in two-parent families with respect to the di-vision of their responsibilities for a child's daily care and education and the overall share of parenting responsibility in association with child development.Based on the roles that parents play in children's daily care and education,this study distinguishes four types of par-enting:father's solo parenting,mother's solo parenting,coparenting where the father is responsible for care and the mother for tutoring,and coparenting where the mother is responsible for care and the father for tutoring.We then compare the children's academic performance,subjective well-being,and family educational environments across these four types.Using data from a survey on the after-school lives of Chinese children collected from students and parents across 112 primary and lower secondary public schools nationwide,the findings show that the most prevalent type of division of parenting in two-parent families in China is the mother's solo parenting,followed by coparenting,with the father's solo parenting being the least common.As children grow older,the proportion of coparenting increases.Compared to the mother's solo parenting,coparenting is better at enhancing children's academic performance,subjective well-being,parent-child relationships,as well as enriching their extracurricular activities.In comparison with mother's solo parenting,father's solo parenting produces the worst child outcomes.These findings confirm the value of advocating for shared parental responsibility in childrearing,as brought up by the Family Education Promotion Law of China.The finding also reveals the challenges faced by children in households led by father's solo parenting,calling for increased attention to this issue.

关 键 词：育儿分工 父职 母职 家庭教育 儿童发展 

分 类 号：C913.11[经济管理]