中国居民主观幸福感及其分布的变化趋势——兼论中国是否存在幸福悖论  

Trends in Subjective Well-Being and Its Distribution:Is There a Happiness Paradox in China?

作　　者：田柳 李玉梅[1] 冯敬宇 Tian Liu;Li Yumei;Feng Jingyu(Institute of International Economy,University of International Business and Economics)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2024年第6期70-100,共31页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(23YJC790124)的资助。

摘　　要：本文利用2010-2021年中国综合社会调查数据,分析了最近10年居民幸福感及其分布的长期变化趋势,为理解转型国家的幸福悖论问题提供了新的证据。研究有以下发现。第一,自2010年以来,随着经济的发展,中国居民的平均幸福感主要呈现上升的趋势,而幸福不平等则呈现下降的趋势,表明经济发展和居民福利改善基本实现了良性互动。第二,幸福感的广义有序Logit回归分析揭示了健康状况和婚姻等因素的显著影响,高收入家庭成员、女性、高教育水平者和农村居民也会感觉更幸福。子样本分析表明,农村居民的幸福感在考察期内呈现更大幅度的增长。第三,城镇居民、女性和年轻人群体的幸福分布更加均衡。如果社会目标是降低幸福不平等,应该重点关注农村居民、男性和老年人群体。第四,在跨国比较中,中国的平均幸福感排名与人均收入水平的排名基本契合,并且幸福分布更加均衡,说明幸福不平等程度相对较低。为了有效避免幸福悖论的发生,政府应当继续坚持在发展中保障和改善民生,并且需要对经济和社会福利展开更广泛和持续的评估。Using data from the China General Social Survey(CGSS)from 2010 to 2021,this paper analyzes the long-term trends in happiness levels and the distribution over the past decade,providing new evidence for understanding the happiness paradox in transitional economies.The study reveals several key findings.First,since 2010,the average happiness of Chinese residents has shown a predominantly upward trend,while the happiness inequality has declined,indicating a positive interaction between economic development and people's welfare.Second,generalized ordered Logit regression analysis identifies significant effects of health and marital status on happiness levels.Additionally,individuals from high-income households,females,those with higher education levels,and rural residents report higher happiness levels.Subsample analysis indicates that rural residents have experienced a more substantial increase in happiness during the study period.Third,urban residents,women,and younger populations show more balanced happiness distributions.If reducing happiness inequality is a social objective,particular attention should be paid to rural residents,males,and the elderly.Fourth,in cross-national comparisons,China's ranking in average happiness aligns with its per capita income ranking while showing a more equitable distribution of happiness,suggesting relatively low levels of happiness inequality.To effectively prevent the happiness paradox,the government should maintain its commitment to safeguarding and improving people's livelihood and also conduct more comprehensive and sustained evaluations of economic and social welfare.

关 键 词：主观幸福感 幸福悖论 幸福不平等 分布比较 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学] C912.6[哲学宗教—心理学] D61[经济管理]