碳排放权交易市场与企业就业规模和结构——基于控排企业名单的考察  

Carbon Emission Trading Market and Enterprise Employment Scale and Structure:Evidence from Emission-Controlled Enterprises

作　　者：吴鹏 黄方圆 黄金波 周先波[3] Wu Peng;Huang Fangyuan;Huang Jinbo;Zhou Xianbo(School of Finance,Guangdong University of Finance&Economics;College of Economics,Shenzhen University;Lingnan College,Sun Yat-Sen University)

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学金融学院 [2]深圳大学经济学院 [3]中山大学岭南学院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2024年第6期101-135,共35页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515110281)的资助。

摘　　要：就业是民生之本。“就业红利假说”认为,合理的环境规制可以增加就业。本文基于2009-2022年中国上市公司数据,运用多期双重差分方法对中国碳排放权交易市场是否存在就业红利进行检验,并从企业碳减排方式视角探讨其中的影响机制。研究发现,中国碳市场的“就业红利假说”成立。相较于非试点企业,碳市场使得试点企业就业规模增加约6.07%,并促使企业的就业结构优化。该结论经过内生性处理和稳健性检验后依然成立。基于企业碳减排方式的机制分析表明,与降低产量机制相比,绿色创新机制是碳市场发挥就业效应的主要机制;与末端治理机制相比,源头管控机制的作用更为明显。本研究有利于科学评价碳市场对劳动力市场的影响,为深刻理解碳市场的“就业红利”和制定“稳就业”政策提供有价值的参考。Employment is fundamental to people's livelihood.The employment dividend hypothesis suggests that well-designed environmental regulations can stimulate employment growth.This study examines whether China's carbon emissions trading market generates employment dividends and optimizes employment structure.Using data from Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2022,we employ a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)approach to test these effects and explore the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of carbon emission reduction strategies.Our findings confirm the existence of employment dividends in China's carbon market.Specifically,pilot enterprises experienced a 6.07 percent increase in employment compared to non-pilot enterprises,along with optimized employment structures.These results remain robust after addressing endogeneity concerns and conducting various robustness checks.Mechanism analysis reveals that green innovation,rather than production reduction,is the primary channel through which the carbon market affects employment.Moreover,source control mechanisms demonstrate greater effectiveness compared to end-of-pipe treatment approaches.This research contributes to the scientific evaluation of the impact of the carbon market on labor markets.It provides valuable insights for understanding the employment dividend of carbon markets and formulating stable employment policies.

关 键 词：碳排放权交易市场 就业红利 碳减排方式 

分 类 号：F832.5[经济管理—金融学] F249.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X196