水下近场爆炸对舰船舷侧结构毁伤数值仿真和试验研究  

Experiment and Numerical Simulation on Damage Characteristics of Side Structure of Ship under Near-field Underwater Explosion

作　　者：李彬[1] 林鑫 田恒斗 陈高杰[1] LI Bin;LIN Xin;TIAN Hengdou;CHEN Gaojie(Unit 91388 of PLA,Dalian 116031,China;College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第91388部队,大连116031 [2]哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中国造船》2024年第5期187-199,共13页Shipbuilding of China

摘　　要：设计了大尺度舱段结构模型,开展炸药在舱段舷侧海上环境的近场水下爆炸毁伤试验,给出了舱段模型的损伤模式、测点冲击环境和典型战位的结构响应。建立舰船毁伤有限元模型,通过试验验证了模型的准确性,并仿真研究不同攻角下的舰船舷侧结构毁伤特性。研究结果表明,舱段模型舷侧外板与内底板等结构发生明显的内凹变形,毁伤区域主要集中在中心目标舱室的迎爆面,在1甲板、2甲板的横舱壁出现明显的横向和纵向变形;1甲板加速度沿船长方向没有明显的衰减,2甲板法向加速度峰值沿船宽方向呈现依次递减趋势,内底至3甲板冲击加速度下降较快;仿真计算结果与试验数据吻合良好,自由场压力、破口尺寸和法向谱速度的平均误差均小于10%;随着攻角的增加,舰船舷侧外板边界处剪应力在冲击波和气泡脉动载荷作用下达到许用应力,形成的冲塞形破口面积增加;爆源位于舱室中心剖面时,在大攻角工况下的爆炸对舰船舷侧外板造成更大的破口面积。A scale ratio model of the ship cabin structure was designed and applied to the near-field underwater explosion to explore the damage mechanism and experiment process.The damage mode,impact environment of the measuring point,and structural response characteristics of the ship cabin were given.A finite element model was established to study damage characteristics of shipboard structures under different attack angles,and the accuracy of the numerical model was verified with experiments.The results show that:The outboard and inner bottom plate of the cabin model structure have obvious concave deformation,the damage area is mainly concentrated in the central target cabin,and the transverse bulkheads of deck-1 and deck-2 show obvious transverse and longitudinal deformation;The acceleration of deck-1 has no obvious attenuation along the length,the acceleration peak value of deck-2 decreases along the width,and the impact acceleration of the inner bottom to the third deck decreases rapidly.The numerical results agree well with the experimental results,the average errors of the free field pressure,fracture size,and normal spectral velocity are less than 10%.With the increase of the attack angle,the shear stress at the boundary of the ship's outer plate reaches the stress criterion by the shock wave and bubble pulsation,causing a single piece of structure to fly out and form a plug break,and the fracture area increases further.When the explosives are located in the center section of the cabin,the fracture area of the side cabin structure is larger under the condition of large attack angles.

关 键 词：水下爆炸 近场爆炸 舷侧结构 毁伤特性 毁伤试验 数值仿真 

分 类 号：O383.1[理学—流体力学]