国家治理视域下唐代皇太子释奠孔宣父的运行实践与仪式展示  

The Ritual Practice and Ceremonial Display of the Crown Prince's Sacrificial Offering Ceremony in the Tang Dynasty from the Perspective of National Governance

作　　者：张琛 ZHANG Chen

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《孔子研究》2024年第6期64-74,158,共12页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“唐代皇帝行幸礼仪制度研究”(项目编号:18FZS049);河南师范学教育科学项目“《中华中学历史教科书·本学之部》研究”(项目编号:2023JK15)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：魏晋时期皇太子释奠礼为通经而行的学成礼,梁、陈一改其制,将其寓于皇帝郊祀礼中,传输国家观念。唐采其制,将两者互为倚用来稳固皇太子的地位。同时皇帝对皇太子释奠规制的调整,传达其治国理念;皇太子则将释奠礼作为构建仁义形象、提升威势的重要举措。为防患于未然,唐玄宗及以后各朝以齿胃礼代之。与之相应的是皇太子释奠仪式的展示,出宫礼与还宫礼的仿君设计,斋戒礼与馈享礼的中心书写,陈设功能区的等次安排,讲学致用的虚化都在强化皇太子的身份符号,在神化先圣先师的神秘气氛中不断伸张储君的权力。During the Wei and Jin dynasties,the Crown Prince's offering ceremony was often conducted through studying classics,Liang and Chen Dynasties modified this custom by incorporating it into the emperor's suburban sacrifice ceremony to promote national consciousness.The Tang dynasty adopted this practice,intertwining the Crown Prince's offering ceremony with the emperor's suburban sacrifice ceremony to solidify the Crown Prince's position.The adjustment of the rules of the Crown Prince's offering ceremony by the emperor conveyed his goverming philosophy,while the Crown Prince used the ceremony to build his benevolent image and enhance his authority,even using it as a tool in political struggles.Facing potential threats,Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty replaced the Crown Prince's offering ceremony with the Crown Prince's coming-of-age ceremony,a tradition followed by later generations.Correspondingly,the display of the Crown Prince's offering ceremony,the design of entering and exiting the palace ceremonies mimicking the emperor,the central role of fasting and offering ceremonies,the hierarchical arrangement of functional areas,and the virtualization of teaching and application all served to strengthen the Crown Prince's identity symbols,expanding the heir's power within the mysterious atmosphere of deifying the ancient sages and teachers.

关 键 词：释奠礼 皇太子 孔宣父 国家治理 唐代 

分 类 号：B241.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]