海底隧道出口段桥梁抗风浪试验研究  

Study on Wind-Wave Resistance Performance of Bridge at the Exit Portal of a Submarine Tunnel

作　　者：董伟良 陈俐骁 邵杰 黄世昌 修海峰 吴华安 DONG Weiliang;CHEN Lixiao;SHAO Jie;HUANG Shichang;XIU Haifeng;WU Huaan(Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary(Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design),Hangzhou 310020,China;Daishan Agricultural and Rural Bureau(Municipal Water Resources Bureau),Zhoushan 316200,China;Yuhuan Agricultural,Rural and Water Resources Bureau,Yuhuan 317699,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院),杭州310020 [2]岱山县农业农村局(水利局),浙江舟山316200 [3]玉环市农业农村和水利局,浙江玉环317699

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第12期84-90,共7页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZJWZ23E090004,LZJWZ23E090005);浙江省水利厅科技计划项目(RB2219,RB2101);浙江省省属科研院所扶持专项基本科研业务费项目(ZIHEYW23001)。

摘　　要：为减小风浪对西店湾海底隧道出口段桥梁影响,提升隧道整体安全性。通过制作缩尺模型,形成“防护-桥梁-海堤”组合结构,并以此开展桥梁断面波浪水槽试验,对比受力和越浪差异,研究防护结构对提升桥梁抗风浪能力的保护作用及防护结构自身受力特性,根据防护结构波浪水平力和浮托力随潮位变化规律提出波浪力经验计算公式。结果表明:桥梁完全淹没后,最大压强随潮位增加而增大,但压强横向分布越加不均匀;在风浪较小海域,桥梁所受静水浮力和总垂向力基本随潮位增加而增大,而波浪浮托力随潮位的增加先增后减;防护结构能够有效减小波浪作用,潮位较低时波浪力减小80%,潮位越高消浪效果越差,但高潮位仍然能减小85%越浪量,从而降低隧道排水压力;防护结构实体底板能够反射波能,减弱防护结构消浪效果;防护结构底板受到较大的波浪砰击作用,砰击压强达到缓变压强的3~4倍,设计时需提高底板局部结构强度;提出的波浪力经验公式能较准确地估算防护结构波浪的水平力和浮托力。In order to reduce the impact of wind and waves on the bridge at the exit portal of the Xidian Bay submarine tunnel and enhance the overall safety of the tunnel,a scaled model was developed to simulate a“protective structure-bridge-seawall”combined system.A flume experiment was then conducted on the bridge cross-section to compare differences in force and wave overtopping behavior.The study investigated the protective effect of the protective structure on the bridge??s wind-wave resistance and analyzed the force characteristics of the structure itself.According to the variation of horizontal wave force and buoyant force with tidal levels,an empirical formulas for calculating wave forces was proposed.The results showed that after the bridge was completely submerged,the maximum pressure increased with rising tide levels,but the pressure distribution became increasingly uneven.In areas with relatively mild wind and waves,the static water buoyancy force and the total vertical force on the bridge increased with increasing tide,while the wave buoyant force increased initially and then decreased as the tide rose.The protective structure effectively reduced the wave impact,with wave forces decreasing by 80%at lower tidal levels.However,as the tidal level increased,the wave reduction effect decreased,although at high tide,wave overtopping was still reduced by 85%,thereby alleviating the drainage pressure on the tunnel.The solid base slab of the protective structure reflected wave energy,weakening its wave-damping effect.The base slab also experienced significant wave impact,with impact pressure reaching 3 to 4 times that of the gradually varying pressure,necessitating enhanced local structural strength in the design.The proposed empirical formula was found to accurately estimate the horizontal force and buoyant force exerted by the waves on the protective structure.

关 键 词：海底隧道 出口段 桥梁 防护结构 波浪力 越浪 水槽试验 

分 类 号：U24[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U25[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U441.2