基于微生物组学的有机污染土壤生物修复研究进展  

Progress in bioremediation of organic contaminated soil based on microbiome

作　　者：高彦征[1] 吴一铭 汤磊[1] 胡小婕[1] 王建[1] GAO Yanzheng;WU Yiming;TANG Lei;HU Xiaojie;WANG Jian(institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学土壤有机污染控制与修复研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第12期3225-3234,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41925029,22161132011,U22A20590);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(20220013)资助。

摘　　要：污染土壤中往往存在一些毒性强、种类多且分布广泛的有毒有机物,严重危害着生态安全和人群健康。生物修复技术主要通过微生物的多种酶促反应来去除土壤污染物,但面对多种有机污染物共存的土壤其修复效果有时欠佳。如何将微生物组学技术与生物修复结合起来,已成为土壤修复领域研究的热点之一。近些年来,基于基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等的生物修复研究取得一些重要进展。借助基因组学可对土壤微生物进行分析鉴别、剔除杂菌,筛选并构建功能微生物组,同时针对有机污染物特点进行靶向优化。转录组学能够发现未知的功能基因,有助于探索并提出有机污染物降解的新思路。蛋白质组学和代谢组学的研究重点则是提升有机污染物的降解效率。本文综述了当前有机污染土壤生物修复遇到的瓶颈问题,分析了生物修复中的微生物组学方法,结合实际案例解析了微生物组学生物修复的作用原理和效能。目前组学技术在有机污染土壤生物修复领域仍处于初始阶段,相关数据仍需要大量积累。如何借助微生物组学方法来进行分子操作,创新有机污染土壤生物修复体系,破译修复机制,这是未来微生物组学生物修复研究的重点,也是实现生物修复技术高效应用的关键。There are a variety of toxic and widely distributed organic contaminants in soils,threatening ecological safety and human health.Bioremediation technology primarily addresses soil pollutants through enzymatic reactions of microorganisms.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of bioremediation technology is much lower when treating contaminated soils with multiple organic pollutants.The combination between microbiome technology and bioremediation is one of the hot topics in the research area of soil remediation.In recent years,there are rapid progresses in bioremediation research based on genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics and metabolomics.Based on technology of genomics,the composition of soil microorganisms could be analyzed,identified,eliminated,and finally functional microbiome can be screened.Consequently,functional microbiome could be constructed and targeted according to the characteristics of organic pollutants.Transcriptomics could help discover unknown functional genes,and explore new pathways for organic pollutant degradation.Proteomics and metabolomics would help improve the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants.We reviewed the challenges in bioremediation of organic-contaminated soil,analyzed microbiome methods being used in bioremediation,and examined the principles and effectiveness of microbiome-based bioremediation with empirical studies.Currently,omics technology is still at its early stage in the field of organic soil contamination bioremediation,with more crucial data being needed.Utilizing microbiome methods for molecular operations,innovating organic-contaminated soil bioremediation systems and elucidating the restoration mechanisms will be the key for efficient application of bioremediation technologies.

关 键 词：微生物组学 有机污染物 土壤 生物修复 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53