黄腐酸钾对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape

作　　者：杨江山[1] 陈亚娟 戴子博 李斗 邵璋 金鑫[1] 王宇航 王春恒 YANG Jiangshan;CHEN Yajuan;DAI Zibo;LI Dou;SHAO Zhang;JIN Xin;WANG Yuhang;WANG Chunheng(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《园艺学报》2024年第12期2843-2856,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(21CX6NA080);甘肃省科技重大专项(18ZD2NA006-4)。

摘　　要：为探究黄腐酸钾(fulvic acid potassium,FA-K)对葡萄叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响,以酿酒葡萄‘蛇龙珠’为试验材料,于开花期、坐果期、膨大期和转色期在叶面喷施不同浓度(30、60、90和120mg·L^(-1))的FA-K,以喷施清水为对照,测定叶片光合色素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及果实品质等指标。结果表明:FA-K处理显著提高了‘蛇龙珠’各生育期叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和胡萝卜素含量,增强了P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s)、F_(v)/F_(m)、Y(Ⅱ)、q_(P)、q_(N)及ETR,降低了C_(i)和Y(NPQ),其中90 mg·L^(-1) FA-K处理效果最为显著。同时,FA-K对提高果实品质也有一定作用,特别是90 mg·L^(-1)处理显著促进了果实可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物、单宁、总酚、类黄酮和花色苷的积累,与对照相比分别提高了25.96%、13.81%、27.73%、63.89%、9.48%和78.57%,而可滴定酸相对含量仅为0.54%,较对照减少了26.03%。主成分分析结果显示,不同浓度FA-K对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响为:90 mg·L^(-1)处理>60 mg·L^(-1)处理>120 mg·L^(-1)处理>30 mg·L^(-1)处理>对照。综上,FA-K处理能够明显增强葡萄叶片的光合作用及改善果实品质,且90 mg·L^(-1)的效果最为显著。In order to investigate the effects of fulvic acid potassium(FA-K)on photosynthesis of grape leaves and fruit quality.In this experiment,the wine grape‘Cabernet Gernischt’was used as the test material,and different concentrations(30,60,90,120 mg·L^(-1))of FA-K were sprayed on the leaves at flowering stage,fruit setting stage,expansion stage and color turning stage,and spraying water was used as the control.The photosynthetic pigment content,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality were measured under different treatments.The results showed that FA-K treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotene in leaves of‘Cabernet Gernischt’at different growth stages,enhanced P_(n),T_(r),G_(s),F_(v)/F_(m),Y(Ⅱ),qP,qN and ETR,and reduced C_(i) and Y(NPQ).The effect of 90 mg·L^(-1) FA-K treatment was the most significant.At the same time,FA-K also had a certain effect on improving fruit quality.In particular,90 mg·L^(-1) treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total soluble sugar,soluble solids,tannins,total phenols,flavonoids and anthocyanins in fruit,which increased by 25.96%,13.81%,27.73%,63.89%,9.48%and 78.57%,respectively,compared with the control,while the relative content of titratable acid was only 0.54%,which was 26.03%lower than that of the control.Principal component analysis results showed that the effects of different concentrations of FA-K on the photosynthetic and fruit quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’grape leaves were as follows:90 mg·L^(-1) treatment>60 mg·L^(-1) treatment>120 mg·L^(-1) treatment>30 mg·L^(-1) treatment>the control.In summary,FA-K treatment can significantly enhance the photosynthesis of grape leaves and improve fruit quality,and the effect of 90 mg·L^(-1) is the most significant.

关 键 词：酿酒葡萄 黄腐酸钾 光合特性 品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]